New Advances and Applications of Cryogels in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 3348

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Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: drug delivery; hydrogels; polysaccharides; composite systems; rheomechanical properties; micro- and nanoparticulatex delivery systems
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Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Materiali e Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
Interests: transport in porous media; drug release; dispersion theory; chromatography
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cryogels have emerged as pivotal tools in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Their unique interconnected macroporous structure allows for efficient nutrient and oxygen diffusion, making them ideal for tissue engineering applications. In drug delivery, cryogels offer controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents, improving efficacy and reducing side effects. Recent advances have enhanced their mechanical strength and biocompatibility, expanding their use in various medical fields. Innovations in cryogel technology include the development of smart cryogels that respond to environmental stimuli, such as pH or temperature changes, enabling targeted and on-demand drug release. Furthermore, cryogels are being utilized in the creation of scaffolds for regenerative medicine, promoting cell growth and tissue repair. These advances highlight the significant potential of cryogels in revolutionizing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes in both drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Modeling and computational research are also welcome. 

Prof. Dr. Patrizia Paolicelli
Prof. Dr. Alessandra Adrover
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cryogels
  • drug delivery
  • regenerative medicine
  • tissue engineering
  • controlled release
  • modeling and computation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 13418 KiB  
Article
Newly Designed PCL-Wrapped Cryogel-Based Conduit Activated with IKVAV Peptide Derivative for Peripheral Nerve Repair
by Abdulla Yergeshov, Mohamed Zoughaib, Kenana Dayob, Marat Kamalov, Duong Luong, Albina Zakirova, Ruslan Mullin, Diana Salakhieva and Timur I. Abdullin
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(12), 1569; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16121569 - 8 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1600
Abstract
Background: The combination of macroporous cryogels with synthetic peptide factors represents a promising but poorly explored strategy for the development of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking scaffolds for peripheral nerve (PN) repair. Methods: In this study, IKVAV peptide was functionalized with terminal lysine residues to [...] Read more.
Background: The combination of macroporous cryogels with synthetic peptide factors represents a promising but poorly explored strategy for the development of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking scaffolds for peripheral nerve (PN) repair. Methods: In this study, IKVAV peptide was functionalized with terminal lysine residues to allow its in situ cross-linking with gelatin macromer, resulting in the formation of IKVAV-containing proteinaceous cryogels. The controllable inclusion and distribution of the peptide molecules within the scaffold was verified using a fluorescently labelled peptide counterpart. The optimized cryogel scaffold was combined with polycaprolactone (PCL)-based shell tube to form a suturable nerve conduit (NC) to be implanted into sciatic nerve diastasis in rats. Results: The NC constituents did not impair the viability of primary skin fibroblasts. Concentration-dependent effects of the peptide component on interrelated viscoelastic and swelling properties of the cryogels as well as on proliferation and morphological differentiation of neurogenic PC-12 cells were established, also indicating the existence of an optimal-density range of the introduced peptide. The in vivo implanted NC sustained the connection of the nerve stumps with partial degradation of the PCL tube over eight weeks, whereas the core-filling cryogel profoundly improved local electromyographic recovery and morphological repair of the nerve tissues, confirming the regenerative activity of the developed scaffold. Conclusions: These results provide proof-of-concept for the development of a newly designed PN conduit prototype based on IKVAV-activated cryogel, and they can be exploited to create other ECM-mimicking scaffolds. Full article
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16 pages, 9944 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Modelling Study of Controlled Release from Dextran-Based Cryogels
by Carolina Lauriola, Laura Di Muzio, Patrizia Paolicelli, Maria Antonietta Casadei, Claudia Sergi, Jacopo Tirillò, Vito Cosimo Carriero and Alessandra Adrover
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(10), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101256 - 27 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1220
Abstract
In this work, five different dextran-based cryogels for controlled drug release are investigated. Vitamin B12 was used as a model drug for in vitro release tests. Two different drug-loading procedures were adopted, leading to very different drug release curves. Indeed, a fast Fickian [...] Read more.
In this work, five different dextran-based cryogels for controlled drug release are investigated. Vitamin B12 was used as a model drug for in vitro release tests. Two different drug-loading procedures were adopted, leading to very different drug release curves. Indeed, a fast Fickian release was observed when freeze-dried samples of DEX40PEG360MA and DEX40PEG500MA were infused with the drug after cryogel formation. On the contrary, a slowed highly non-Fickian behavior arises when the drug is loaded before the low-temperature crosslinking step, leading to the cryogel formation. The non-Fickian drug release, observed for all the five different dextran-based cryogels investigated, is actually due to the cryoconcentration phenomenon, modeled with a two-step release process. The proposed transport model accurately predicts experimental release curves characterized by a long lag time, confirming that dextran-based cryogels are suitable for controlled release. Full article
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