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Pathogens
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Advances in Urinary Tract Infections
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Advances in Urinary Tract Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 6914

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sheryl Justice

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Healthy Aging, Self-Management and Complex Care, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: urinary tract infections; bacteria infection; infectious diseases; microbiology; Escherichia coli
Dr. Ann E. Stapleton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Interests: primary care of people living with HIV; urinary tract infections; bacterial-host interactions; vaginal physiology in health and disease; glycoconjugates and infection and lactobacilli

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant socioeconomic burden afflicting 150 million patients worldwide each year, accounting for 17% of all antibiotic prescriptions. The high rate of antibiotic usage to treat acute and recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection has led to a dramatic increase in the number of infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, including extended spectrum beta-lactam producing strains. The decrease in availability of efficacious antibiotic therapies has elevated the need to accelerate all aspects of UTI research. 

This Special Issue is based upon a recent conference that goes beyond the exchange of basic science findings with an attempt to determine how they can be applied to clinical practice. In addition, clinical challenges are used to foster new experimental approaches. Although healthy adult women represent the majority of patients treated for UTI, recent evidence hallmarks the association of sex, age, health status, urinary catheterization, pregnancy, and other co-morbidities that influence UTI susceptibility and severity. In addition, UTIs can result in negative sequelae in certain patient populations. Thus, UTI is not a simple disease, and a better understanding of the overall pathogenesis will inform better diagnostic and treatment regimens to reduce the burden of this highly recurrent infection.

Dr. Sheryl Justice
Dr. Ann E. Stapleton
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urinary tract infections
  • uropathogen
  • immunology
  • pathogenesis
  • therapeutics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 581 KiB  
Article
Urinary Tract Infection Frequency and Prescription Prophylaxis in Females and Males with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection
by Amber M. Goedken, Kendra Y. Foster and Erika J. Ernst
Pathogens 2023, 12(2), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020170 - 21 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1189
Abstract
Females and males with recurrent urinary tract infections may receive prescription prophylaxis to reduce the infection frequency. Little is known about how prescription prophylaxis differs between patients meeting and exceeding the minimum threshold for recurrent urinary tract infections. The objectives of this study [...] Read more.
Females and males with recurrent urinary tract infections may receive prescription prophylaxis to reduce the infection frequency. Little is known about how prescription prophylaxis differs between patients meeting and exceeding the minimum threshold for recurrent urinary tract infections. The objectives of this study were to estimate the association between infection frequency and receipt of prescription prophylaxis and describe the type of prescription prophylaxis initiated. This observational study used de-identified fully-insured commercial insurance data from the Midwest from 2003–2016 to identify females and males under age 64 with recurrent urinary tract infections. The patients were categorized as having three or more urinary tract infections in twelve months or only two infections in six months. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the association between the infection frequency and receipt of prophylaxis. The frequency of the type of prophylaxis initiated was measured. The odds of receiving prophylaxis were greater in the females and males with three or more infections compared to the patients with only two infections. Estrogen prophylaxis was initiated at a higher rate in females aged 45–63 with two infections than the females with three or more infections. Prescription prophylaxis in females and males with recurrent urinary tract infections differs between those meeting and exceeding the minimum frequency threshold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Urinary Tract Infections)
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9 pages, 481 KiB  
Article
Postoperative Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Patients after Urogynecological Surgeries—Nonantibiotic Herbal (Canephron) versus Antibiotic Prophylaxis (Fosfomycin Trometamol): A Parallel-Group, Randomized, Noninferiority Experimental Trial
by Sara Wawrysiuk, Tomasz Rechberger, Agnieszka Kubik-Komar, Aleksandra Kolodynska, Kurt Naber and Pawel Miotla
Pathogens 2023, 12(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010027 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2068
Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common complications of urogynecological surgeries. The risk of UTIs is increased by the catheterization of the bladder, intraoperative cystoscopy, and urine retention after the procedure. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, there [...] Read more.
Introduction and hypothesis: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common complications of urogynecological surgeries. The risk of UTIs is increased by the catheterization of the bladder, intraoperative cystoscopy, and urine retention after the procedure. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, there is a need to search for new methods of postoperative UTI prevention. Canephron is a mixture of century herbs, lovage roots, and rosemary leaves with diuretic, spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and nephroprotective properties. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the noninferiority of Canephron versus antibiotic prophylaxis with fosfomycin trometamol (FT), based on the collective results of postoperative urine culture analyses. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five female patients were randomized into two groups before undergoing urogynecological surgeries, including a control group (n = 67), which received one dose of 3 g of FT the day after the procedure, and a study group (n = 58), which received Canephron three times a day for 14 days, starting the day after the procedure. All the patients were assessed using the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS). Results: UTIs were observed in 6.4% of the patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the use of FT and Canephron in terms of UTIs (Chi^2 N-1 = 0.8837; p = ns). Additional factors, such as menopausal status and the type of procedure performed, increased the risk of developing a UTI. Factors such as the body mass index (BMI) and parity had no correlation. Conclusions: Canephron is noninferior to FT in the prevention of postoperative UTIs. The use of such a phytotherapeutic drug may help to decrease antibiotic consumption, which is closely connected to the growing trend of antibiotic resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Urinary Tract Infections)
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19 pages, 2534 KiB  
Article
Virulence Profile, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Relationships among Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from the Feces and Urine of Hospitalized Patients
by José F. Santos-Neto, Ana C. M. Santos, Júllia A. S. Nascimento, Liana O. Trovão, Fernanda F. Santos, Tiago B. Valiatti, Ana C. Gales, Ana L. V. R. Marques, Isabel C. Pinaffi, Mônica A. M. Vieira, Rosa M. Silva, Ivan N. Falsetti and Tânia A. T. Gomes
Pathogens 2022, 11(12), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121528 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2836
Abstract
Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) may inhabit the human gut microbiota without causing disease. However, if they reach extra-intestinal sites, common cystitis to bloodstream infections may occur, putting patients at risk. To examine the human gut as a source of endogenous infections, we [...] Read more.
Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) may inhabit the human gut microbiota without causing disease. However, if they reach extra-intestinal sites, common cystitis to bloodstream infections may occur, putting patients at risk. To examine the human gut as a source of endogenous infections, we evaluated the E. coli clonal diversity of 18 inpatients’ guts and their relationship with strains isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) in the same hospital. Random amplified polymorphic DNA evaluated the clonal diversity, and the antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion. One isolate of each clone detected was sequenced, and their virulome and resistome were determined. Overall, 177 isolates were screened, among which 32 clones were identified (mean of two clones per patient), with ExPEC strains found in over 75% of the inpatients’ guts. Endogenous infection was confirmed in 75% of the cases. ST10, ST59, ST69, ST131, and ST1193 clones and critical mobile drug-resistance encoding genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaDHA-1, aac(6′)-lb-cr, mcr-1.26, qnrB4, and qnrB19) were identified in the gut of inpatients. The genomic analysis highlighted the diversity of the fecal strains, colonization by lactose-negative E. coli, the high frequency of ExPEC in the gut of inpatients without infections, and the presence of β-lactamase producing E. coli in the gut of inpatients regardless of the previous antibiotics’ usage. Considering that we found more than one ExPEC clone in the gut of several inpatients, surveillance of inpatients’ fecal pathogens may prevent UTI caused by E. coli in the hospital and dissemination of risk clones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Urinary Tract Infections)
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