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Pathogens
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infections
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 5375

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kidon Sung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
Interests: biofilm; antimicrobial resistance; food safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Juhee Ahn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
Interests: microbial pathogenesis; phage control; antibiotic resistance mechanism; food safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem in pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. Increased antibiotic resistance leads to higher costs of antibiotic use, longer hospital stays higher mortality and higher healthcare costs. The rise in immunodeficient patients, the increased use of indwelling devices, and the use of a wide range of antimicrobial agents in the hospital setting are responsible for increased antimicrobial resistance. ESKAPE is a group of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, which are common causes of life-threatening nosocomial infections among critically ill patients and are potentially antibiotic-resistant. Antibiotic resistance has exploded due to the clonal spread of resistant pathogens in geographically distant regions. Antibiotic resistance rates are particularly high in intensive care units due to antibiotic overuse, incomplete isolation practices, and the prolonged hospitalization of patients who are highly susceptible to hospital-acquired infections. This Special Issue aims to discuss the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial infections.

Dr. Kidon Sung
Prof. Dr. Juhee Ahn
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • nosocomial infections
  • pathogens
  • hospital-acquired infections
  • ESKAPE

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 976 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Uropathogenic E. coli: Virulence Factors, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Mobile Genetic Elements
by Kidon Sung, Mohamed Nawaz, Miseon Park, Jungwhan Chon, Saeed A. Khan, Khulud Alotaibi and Ashraf A. Khan
Pathogens 2024, 13(9), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090794 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2184
Abstract
Our whole-genome sequencing analysis of sixteen uropathogenic E. coli isolates revealed a concerning picture of multidrug resistance and potentially virulent bacteria. All isolates belonged to four distinct clonal groups, with the highly prevalent ST131 lineage being associated with extensive antibiotic resistance and virulence [...] Read more.
Our whole-genome sequencing analysis of sixteen uropathogenic E. coli isolates revealed a concerning picture of multidrug resistance and potentially virulent bacteria. All isolates belonged to four distinct clonal groups, with the highly prevalent ST131 lineage being associated with extensive antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. Notably, all isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with some resistant to as many as 12 antibiotics. Fluoroquinolone resistance stemmed primarily from efflux pumps and mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase genes. Additionally, we identified genes encoding resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and various heavy metals. The presence of diverse plasmids and phages suggests the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the dissemination of virulence factors. All isolates harbored genomic islands containing virulence factors associated with adhesion, biofilm formation, and invasion. Genes essential for iron acquisition, flagella biosynthesis, secretion systems, and toxin production were also prevalent. Adding further complexity to understanding the isolates’ genetic makeup, we identified CRISPR-Cas systems. This study underscores the need for continued genomic surveillance in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms and resistance profiles of uropathogenic E. coli to aid in developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infections)
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Review

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17 pages, 355 KiB  
Review
Antibiotic Resistance to Molecules Commonly Prescribed for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens: What Is Relevant for the Clinician?
by Gianpiero Tebano, Irene Zaghi, Francesco Baldasso, Chiara Calgarini, Roberta Capozzi, Caterina Salvadori, Monica Cricca and Francesco Cristini
Pathogens 2024, 13(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13010088 - 19 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2444
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive pathogens is a relevant concern, particularly in the hospital setting. Several antibiotics are now available to treat these drug-resistant pathogens, such as daptomycin, dalbavancin, linezolid, tedizolid, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, and fosfomycin. However, antibiotic resistance can also affect these newer molecules. [...] Read more.
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive pathogens is a relevant concern, particularly in the hospital setting. Several antibiotics are now available to treat these drug-resistant pathogens, such as daptomycin, dalbavancin, linezolid, tedizolid, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, and fosfomycin. However, antibiotic resistance can also affect these newer molecules. Overall, this is not a frequent phenomenon, but it is a growing concern in some settings and can compromise the effectiveness of these molecules, leaving few therapeutic options. We reviewed the available evidence about the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance to these antibiotics and the main molecular mechanisms of resistance, particularly methicillin-resistant Sthaphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. We discussed the interpretation of susceptibility tests when minimum inhibitory concentrations are not available. We focused on the risk of the emergence of resistance during treatment, particularly for daptomycin and fosfomycin, and we discussed the strategies that can be implemented to reduce this phenomenon, which can lead to clinical failure despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. The judicious use of antibiotics, epidemiological surveillance, and infection control measures is essential to preserving the efficacy of these drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infections)
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