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Nutritional Modulation of Glucose Metabolism and Metabolic Disease: Dietary Patterns, Bioactive Compounds, and Underlying Mechanisms

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2026 | Viewed by 792

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
Interests: nutrition; functional foods; dietary polyphenols; exercise; metabolism; metabolic diseases; mitochondrial function and biogenesis; oxidative stress; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and metabolic syndrome, have reached alarming global prevalence, driven in part by unhealthy dietary habits and lifestyle factors. Dysregulated glucose metabolism lies at the core of these conditions, and nutrition is a key modulator of glycemic control and metabolic health. Both overall dietary patterns and specific bioactive food components can profoundly influence insulin sensitivity, blood glucose regulation, and disease risk. This Special Issue focuses on how dietary patterns—ranging from traditional Mediterranean and plant-based diets to emerging nutritional strategies—can improve glucose homeostasis and mitigate metabolic disease. We welcome both basic and clinical studies, including human trials, animal models, and cellular investigations, as well as high-quality reviews. Submissions addressing bioactive compounds such as dietary fibers, functional foods, polyphenols, and micronutrients are encouraged, particularly those elucidating mechanisms involving gut microbiota, hormonal regulation, mitochondrial function and biogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and related gene and protein regulation. By integrating mechanistic and translational perspectives, this Special Issue aims to advance nutrition-based strategies for the prevention and management of glucose-related metabolic diseases. We invite researchers from diverse disciplines to submit their original research and review articles.

Dr. Hossein Rafiei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • glucose metabolism
  • metabolic diseases
  • type 2 diabetes
  • metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
  • dietary patterns
  • nutritional interventions
  • functional foods
  • bioactive compounds
  • dietary polyphenols
  • insulin resistance
  • mitochondrial function and biogenesis
  • oxidative stress and inflammation
  • gut microbiota
  • endoplasmic reticulum stress
  • metabolic health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 540 KB  
Article
Effects of Specific Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) Liquid Concentrate on Glucose Metabolism in Subjects with Prediabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial
by Silvia Pérez-Piñero, Juan Carlos Muñoz-Carrillo, Cristina Herrera-Fernández, Macarena Muñoz-Cámara, Almudena Hernández-Aliaga, Jon Echepare-Taberna, Vicente Ávila-Gandía and Francisco Javier López-Román
Nutrients 2026, 18(10), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18101521 - 10 May 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: A 90-day randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on glucose metabolism in subjects with confirmed prediabetes. Methods: The carob liquid concentrate containing inositols of the carob fruit (D-pinitol, myo-inositol, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: A 90-day randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on glucose metabolism in subjects with confirmed prediabetes. Methods: The carob liquid concentrate containing inositols of the carob fruit (D-pinitol, myo-inositol, D-chiro inositol) was administered at a daily dose of 6.66 g, divided into two doses of 3.33 g each. Study variables included glucose- and insulin-related parameters obtained at fasting conditions and during a standard 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 45 and 90 days of administration of the study products. Results: The study population included 52 subjects (25 in the experimental group, 27 in the placebo group), 27 men and 25 women, with a mean age of 45.6 ± 13.9 years. Subjects who consumed the active product showed improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glucose levels as compared with placebo (p < 0.001 of the time × group interaction). Fasting serum insulin showed within-group significant decreases in the experimental group, with insulin indexes (HOMA-IR and QUICKI) improving significantly in the experimental group only. In the OGTT, there were significant improvements in the AUC of glucose and insulin, as well as glucose peak in the experimental group only. The product was well tolerated and no adverse effects were recorded. Conclusions: The use of a specific carob-based liquid concentrate decreased HbA1c and glucose levels in subjects with prediabetes, which may suggest its potential clinical relevance in the prevention of the transition from prediabetes to overt type 2 diabetes. Full article
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