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Minerals
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Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems through Time
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Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems through Time

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 February 2022) | Viewed by 19180

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lucie Mathieu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UQAC institutional Chair on Archean metallogenic processes, Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales (CERM), Département des Sciences appliquées, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
Interests: economic geology; igneous petrology; metallogeny; greenstone belt; petrogenesis; magmatic-hydrothermal systems; geochemistry
Prof. Dr. Michel Jébrak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Atmosphère, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
Interests: economic geology; social geology; metallogeny
Dr. Nadia Mohammadi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
Interests: igneous petrology; economic geology; geochemistry; U-Pb geochronology; greisen/porphyry ore deposits; laser ablation ICP-MS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magmatic-hydrothermal systems encompass a range of mineralizing styles, including porphyry, greisen, iron-oxides-copper-gold (IOCG), reduced intrusion-related gold systems (RIRGS), and syenite-associated (also referred to as IRGS) and polymetallic veins, and are major sources of Cu, Au, Mo, W, Sn, Li, REE, etc. Mineralizing fluids are exsolved from magmatic systems; may hybridize with meteoric, connate, and sea waters; and their characteristics are thus dependent on the chemistry (including redox state) of the source magma. The chemistry of the magma, in turn, is dependent on the petrogenesis of the magmatic system (source rocks, partial melting conditions, and characteristics of the differentiation process), parameters that can be related to geodynamic settings and secular variations in the crust/mantle composition. Secular variations in the source and the evolution of magmatic systems are documented between Archean and more recent systems, possibly related to the changing geodynamic processes and the characteristics of magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Other parameters, such as fluid/rock interactions or metal partitioning between melt and fluid, likely remained unchanged. A comparison between magmatic-hydrothermal systems of various ages may shed light on many aspects of the large-scale (geodynamic contexts) to local-scale (fluid exsolution and circulation) processes leading to the fertilizing of the Neoarchean upper crust by magmatic systems. The goal of this Special Issue is to put together geochemical, mineralogical, petrological, or other contributions that provide insight into the characteristics of the Archean magmatic-hydrothermal systems and the associated magmatic systems (petrogenesis and physico-chemical parameters). A comparison of the Archean with Proterozoic and modern settings are welcomed. Multi-scale studies that integrate investigations into mineralizing processes from the scale of the deposit to the regional scale are also welcomed.

The Special Issue will include papers presented in the session of the same name at GAC-MAC 2021 in London, Ontario (special session SS-01) but submission is encouraged to all authors wishing to publish new research on magmatic-hydrothermal systems.

Dr. Lucie Mathieu
Prof. Dr. Michel Jébrak
Dr. Nadia Mohammadi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magmatic-hydrothermal systems
  • Archean
  • greenstone belts
  • secular changes
  • magmatic systems
  • mineralizing processes

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 5184 KiB  
Article
Petrography and Geochemistry of the Intrusive Rocks at the Diorite-Hosted Regnault Au Mineralization
by Lucie Mathieu and Francis MacDonald
Minerals 2022, 12(2), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020128 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4366
Abstract
Archean greenstone belts are renowned for their Au endowment. Gold can be associated with orogenic Au style of mineralization and with diorite-hosted Au-Cu disseminated sulfides interpreted as a porphyry style of mineralization. The Regnault Au project, located in the Frotet–Evans greenstone belt (Superior [...] Read more.
Archean greenstone belts are renowned for their Au endowment. Gold can be associated with orogenic Au style of mineralization and with diorite-hosted Au-Cu disseminated sulfides interpreted as a porphyry style of mineralization. The Regnault Au project, located in the Frotet–Evans greenstone belt (Superior craton), is a structurally-controlled and diorite-hosted mineralization with an unclear metallogenic model. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fertility of the Regnault granodiorite-diorite-gabbro intrusive. Using whole-rock chemistry and petrological observations, it is concluded that the intrusive suite derives from a differentiated and water-bearing magma extracted from the metasomatized mantle. Amphibole chemistry indicates that the magma was moderately oxidized and that it emplaced at a shallow depth. It is concluded that the Regnault intrusive suite displays several characteristics favorable to the exsolution of magmatic fluids in the upper crust and that the Regnault Au mineralization potentially corresponds to, at least in part, a magmatic-hydrothermal system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems through Time)
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37 pages, 122671 KiB  
Article
A Combined EPMA and LA-ICP-MS Investigation on Bi-Cu-Au Mineralization from the Kizhnica Ore Field (Vardar Zone, Kosovo)
by Sławomir Mederski, Jaroslav Pršek, Dimitrina Dimitrova and Bahri Hyseni
Minerals 2021, 11(11), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111223 - 3 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3897
Abstract
This paper describes a newly discovered Bi-Cu±Au mineralization co-occurring with Pb-Zn-Ag hydrothermal mineralization within the Kizhnica-Hajvalia-Badovc ore field, central Kosovo, Vardar Zone. The mineralogy of two styles of Bi-Cu±Au mineralization was described using EPMA in combination with reflected and transmitted light microscopy. Hydrothermal [...] Read more.
This paper describes a newly discovered Bi-Cu±Au mineralization co-occurring with Pb-Zn-Ag hydrothermal mineralization within the Kizhnica-Hajvalia-Badovc ore field, central Kosovo, Vardar Zone. The mineralogy of two styles of Bi-Cu±Au mineralization was described using EPMA in combination with reflected and transmitted light microscopy. Hydrothermal Cu-Bi veinlets in the Kizhnica andesite quarry consist of Bi sulfosalts (bismuthinite, cosalite, aikinite, and krupkaite), pyrite, hematite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite group minerals. Disseminated Bi-Au-Cu-Te mineralization from the contact type of mineralization (hornfels) consists of Bi sulfosalts (cannizzarite, bismuthinite, galenobismutite, cosalite), associated with sulfarsenides (arsenopyrite, gersdorffite, and cobaltite), base metal sulfides (chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and galena), native gold, native bismuth, and tetradymite. LA-ICP-MS analyses of sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite indicate increased content of In and Sn in the Kizhnica Bi-Cu-Au mineralizing system, while LA-ICP-MS analyses in pyrites show the presence of many elements, e.g., Au, As, Co, Sb, Tl, Hg, Pb, Bi related to the structure of pyrite or controlled by nano-inclusions. The results suggest a connection between Bi-Cu±Au mineralization and the proximity to intrusive rocks, which may be helpful for Au exploration in Kosovo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems through Time)
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14 pages, 3742 KiB  
Article
REE Tetrad Effect and Sr-Nd Isotope Systematics of A-Type Pirrit Hills Granite from West Antarctica
by Hyo Min Lee, Seung-Gu Lee, Hyeoncheol Kim, Jong Ik Lee and Mi Jung Lee
Minerals 2021, 11(8), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080792 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2973
Abstract
The Pirrit Hills are located in the Ellsworth–Whitmore Mountains of West Antarctica. The Pirrit Hills granite exhibits significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.01~0.25) and a REE tetrad effect indicating intensive magmatic differentiation. Whole-rock Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd geochronologic analysis of the Pirrit Hills [...] Read more.
The Pirrit Hills are located in the Ellsworth–Whitmore Mountains of West Antarctica. The Pirrit Hills granite exhibits significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.01~0.25) and a REE tetrad effect indicating intensive magmatic differentiation. Whole-rock Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd geochronologic analysis of the Pirrit Hills granite gave respective ages of 172.8 ± 2.4 Ma with initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7065 ± 0.0087 Ma and 169 ± 12 Ma with initial 144Nd/143Nd = 0.512207 ± 0.000017. The isotopic ratio data indicate that the Pirrit Hills granite formed by the remelting of Mesoproterozoic mantle-derived crustal materials. Both chondrite-normalized REE patterns and Sr-Nd isotopic data indicate that the Pirrit Hills granite has geochemical features of chondrite-normalized REE patterns indicating that REE tetrad effects and negative Eu anomalies in the highly fractionated granites were produced from magmatic differentiation under the magmatic-hydrothermal transition system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems through Time)
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20 pages, 2241 KiB  
Article
Intrusion-Associated Gold Systems and Multistage Metallogenic Processes in the Neoarchean Abitibi Greenstone Belt
by Lucie Mathieu
Minerals 2021, 11(3), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030261 - 3 Mar 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6719
Abstract
In gold-endowed greenstone belts, ore bodies generally correspond to orogenic gold systems (OGS) formed during the main deformation stage that led to craton stabilization (syntectonic period). Most OGS deposits postdate and locally overprint magmatic-hydrothermal systems, such as Au-Cu porphyry that mostly formed during [...] Read more.
In gold-endowed greenstone belts, ore bodies generally correspond to orogenic gold systems (OGS) formed during the main deformation stage that led to craton stabilization (syntectonic period). Most OGS deposits postdate and locally overprint magmatic-hydrothermal systems, such as Au-Cu porphyry that mostly formed during the main magmatic stage (synvolcanic period) and polymetallic intrusion-related gold systems (IRGS) of the syntectonic period. Porphyries are associated with tonalite-dominated and sanukitoid plutons, whereas most IRGS are related to alkaline magmatism. As reviewed here, most intrusion-associated mineralization in the Abitibi greenstone belt is the result of complex and local multistage metallogenic processes. A new classification is proposed that includes (1) OGS and OGS-like deposits dominated by metamorphic and magmatic fluids, respectively; (2) porphyry and IRGS that may contain gold remobilized during subsequent deformation episodes; (3) porphyry and IRGS that are overprinted by OGS. Both OGS and OGS-like deposits are associated with crustal-scale faults and display similar gold-deposition mechanisms. The main difference is that magmatic fluid input may increase the oxidation state and CO2 content of the mineralizing fluid for OGS-like deposits, while OGS are characterized by the circulation of reduced metamorphic fluids. For porphyry and IRGS, mineralizing fluids and metals have a magmatic origin. Porphyries are defined as base metal and gold-bearing deposits associated with large-volume intrusions, while IRGS are gold deposits that may display a polymetallic signature and that can be associated with small-volume syntectonic intrusions. Some porphyry, such as the Côté Gold deposit, demonstrate that magmatic systems can generate economically significant gold mineralization. In addition, many deposits display evidence of multistage processes and correspond to gold-bearing or gold-barren magmatic-hydrothermal systems overprinted by OGS or by gold-barren metamorphic fluids. In most cases, the source of gold remains debated. Whether magmatic activity was essential or marginal for fertilizing the upper crust during the Neoarchean remains a major topic for future research, and petrogenetic investigations may be paramount for distinguishing gold-endowed from barren greenstone belts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems through Time)
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