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Minerals
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Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry, 2nd Edition
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Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2025) | Viewed by 2340

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luis Miguel Nieto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Geología and CEACTEMA, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Universitario, Edf. B-3., E-23071 Jaén, Spain
Interests: stratigraphy; sedimentology; carbonate petrology; facies analysis; paleokarst; mesozoic; betic cordillera
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. José Miguel Molina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Geología and CEACTEMA, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Universitario, Edf. B-3., E-23071 Jaén, Spain
Interests: stratigraphy; sedimentology; carbonate petrology; facies analysis; paleokarst; mesozoic; betic cordillera
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On behalf of Minerals, we are pleased to announce the Special Issue "Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry" and we would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue that focuses on the carbonates (rocks and sediments) deposited in continental and marine environments, irrespective of their age. Carbonate rocks and sediments emerge in response to mechanisms forced primarily by high environmental CO2 contents. Therefore, research on petrological and geochemical carbonate topics is critical for understanding the global carbonate cycle, as carbonate minerals comprise the largest reservoir of carbon in the Earth’s lithosphere.

Remarkable advances have recently been made in understanding the petrology and geochemistry of carbonates, mainly considering environmental changes and their ecological impact. Furthermore, in recent decades, analytical techniques have also advanced and offer a more complete vision to scientists in mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry, making data available with a superlative analytical and spatial resolution.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect original research studies that can shed new light on the advances in stratigraphy, sedimentology, petrology, geochemistry, (paleo)climate, (pale)oceanography and hydrogeology of carbonate rocks and/or sediments. Contributions may embrace a broad spectrum of topics, because this Special Issue aims to show a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective of past and recent carbonates, whilst taking into account the fact that carbonate research is more focused on the assessment of processes and genetic relationships between textures and mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Contributions can either be review papers related to special topics or very specialized research studies, offering new perspectives on specific aspects of recent or past carbonates.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) the architecture and interpretation of carbonate outcrops; (2) the diagenetic and geochemical controls regarding carbonate deposition; (3) carbonate rocks or sediments as an archive of ancient/recent (paleo)-environmental changes; (4) role of carbonates in (pale)oceanography and the global carbon cycle; (5) recognition of primary versus diagenetic overprint in carbonates; (6) carbonate significance as a source and reservoir rocks.

We thank you and look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Luis Miguel Nieto
Prof. Dr. José Miguel Molina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbonate rocks and/or sediments
  • carbonate texture
  • mineralogical and/or geochemical composition of carbonates
  • carbonate petrology
  • carbonate diagenesis
  • carbonate weathering
  • (paleo)-environmental changes
  • carbon cycle
  • continental or marine carbonates

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 21563 KiB  
Article
Diagenetic Classification—A New Concept in the Characterization of Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs: Permian–Triassic Successions in the Persian Gulf
by Hamzeh Mehrabi, Saghar Sadat Ghoreyshi, Yasaman Hezarkhani and Kulthum Rostami
Minerals 2025, 15(7), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15070690 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 288
Abstract
Understanding diagenetic processes is fundamental to characterizing heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, where variations in pore structures and mineralogy significantly influence reservoir quality and fluid flow behavior. This study presents an integrated diagenetic classification approach applied to the upper Dalan and Kangan formations in the [...] Read more.
Understanding diagenetic processes is fundamental to characterizing heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, where variations in pore structures and mineralogy significantly influence reservoir quality and fluid flow behavior. This study presents an integrated diagenetic classification approach applied to the upper Dalan and Kangan formations in the Persian Gulf. Utilizing extensive core analyses, petrographic studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, and petrophysical data, six distinct diagenetic classes were identified based on the quantification of key processes such as dolomitization, dissolution, cementation, and compaction. The results reveal that dolomitization and dissolution enhance porosity and permeability, particularly in high-energy shoal facies, while cementation and compaction tend to reduce reservoir quality. A detailed petrographic examination and rock typing, including pore type classification and hydraulic flow unit analysis using flow zone indicator methods, allowed the subdivision of the reservoir into hydraulically meaningful units with consistent petrophysical characteristics. The application of the Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plot facilitated large-scale reservoir zonation, revealing the complex internal architecture and significant heterogeneity controlled by depositional environments and diagenetic overprints. This diagenetic classification framework improves predictive modeling of reservoir behavior and fluid distribution, supporting the optimization of exploitation strategies in heterogeneous carbonate systems. The approach demonstrated here offers a robust template for similar carbonate reservoirs worldwide, emphasizing the importance of integrating diagenetic quantification with multi-scale petrophysical and geological data to enhance reservoir characterization and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry, 2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 6159 KiB  
Article
Isotopic and Geochemical Signatures of Dolostones and Their Implications for Carbonate Incipient Weathering Processes in the Datangpo Region, Guizhou, China
by Xin Yang, Qiuhua Shen and Xiaoming Sun
Minerals 2025, 15(5), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050548 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 301
Abstract
Determining carbon sources and sinks is crucial for understanding the global carbon cycle; however, the enigma of the ‘missing’ sinks remains unresolved. Recent studies have proposed carbonate weathering as a potential carbon sink, underscoring the need to clarify its mechanisms. Previous investigations of [...] Read more.
Determining carbon sources and sinks is crucial for understanding the global carbon cycle; however, the enigma of the ‘missing’ sinks remains unresolved. Recent studies have proposed carbonate weathering as a potential carbon sink, underscoring the need to clarify its mechanisms. Previous investigations of carbonate weathering largely relied on soil profiles, which were limited by the rarity of incipient weathering layers. Therefore, we have little knowledge about carbonate incipient weathering processes. To address this gap, spheroidal weathered dolostones were collected from Neoproterozoic Liangjiehe Formation (Nanhua System) in Guizhou, China. The pristine dolostone exhibits δ13C values ranging from −5.26 to −3.35‰ and δ18O values from −13.79 to −12.83‰. These isotopic signatures suggest that the dolostone formed under the high-latitude, cold climatic conditions that were prevalent during the Nanhua Period. Comprehensive petrographic and geochemical analyses of the spheroidal weathered dolostones revealed two distinct stages of incipient weathering. In Stage I, nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) contents decrease. The δ13C values fluctuate between −7.61 and −2.52‰, while the δ18O values range from −12.22 to −8.06‰. These observations indicate a weakly acidic microenvironment. In Stage II, there is an enrichment in manganese (Mn), with the δ13C values extending from −16.56 to −12.43‰ and the δ18O values from −8.46 to −7.03‰. These clues suggest a transition to a neutral microenvironment, with the isotopic compositions of carbon and oxygen in the dolomite influenced by atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and atmospheric precipitation. This study presents a pioneering investigation into the mineralogical and geochemical variations associated with carbonate incipient weathering processes. The variation in C-O isotopes during carbonate incipient weathering may indicate the re-precipitation of HCO3−, suggesting that the carbon sink contribution of carbonate weathering to the global carbon cycle could be overestimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 8666 KiB  
Article
Sedimentological and Geochemical Evaluation of the Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: An Integrated Tool for Paleoenvironmental Interpretation
by Rayan Khalil
Minerals 2024, 14(12), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121275 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1031
Abstract
Geochemical proxies are a reliable tool in deciphering the paleoenvironment and diagenetic alteration in carbonate rock units. The Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation (LCYF) is an important carbonate unit of the Saudi Arabia region which has been studied in detail to evaluate the paleoenvironment [...] Read more.
Geochemical proxies are a reliable tool in deciphering the paleoenvironment and diagenetic alteration in carbonate rock units. The Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation (LCYF) is an important carbonate unit of the Saudi Arabia region which has been studied in detail to evaluate the paleoenvironment and diagenetic alteration through geochemical studies. This study presents new data on petrography, stable isotopes, and trace and rare-earth elements to enhance our understanding on paleoenvironments, redox conditions, and paleosalinity during the deposition of these carbonate units. Field studies show that the formation is composed of thick-to-thin-bedded limestone. Petrographic studies show that the formation is mostly composed of mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone facies. The stable isotopic values of carbon (δ13C V-PDB = +0.58‰ to +2.23‰) and oxygen (δ18O V-PDB = −6.38‰ to −4.48‰) are directly within the range of marine signatures. CaCO3’s dominance over SiO2 and Al2O3 indicates minimal detrital contribution during the LCYF precipitation. The REE pattern suggests coeval marine signatures which include (i) a slight LREE depletion compared to HREEs (av. Nd/YbN = 0.70), (ii) negative Ce anomalies (av. Ce/Ce* = 0.5), and (iii) a positive La anomaly (av. La/La* = 1.70). Micritic limestone has low Hf (bdl to 0.4 µg/g), Sc (bdl to 2.5 µg/g), and Th (bdl to 0.8 µg/g) content, which suggests negligible detrital influence. The Ce content of different facies (Ce = 1u.80 to 12.85 µg/g) suggests that their deposition took place under oxic to dysoxic conditions. However, there is moderate variation during the deposition of MF-I, with higher Ce values as compared to MF-II, MF-III, and MF-IV, which suggests that the deposition of MF-I mostly took place in anoxic to dysoxic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry, 2nd Edition)
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