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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Persisting Microorganisms and Chronic Diseases
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Persisting Microorganisms and Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Systems Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 14136

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pavol Sulo

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
Interests: Yeasts: genetics, diversity and taxonomy; mitochondrial DNA, nucleo-mitochondrial interactions; evolution and divergence of species, bioinformatics; Chronic diseases: DNA diagnostics, persisting pathogens; Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia, Mycobacteria

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide. Diseases of the joints such as arthritis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer´s disease reduce the quality of life for the elderly and the treatment consumes an enormous means. Recently, it has been suggested that chronic diseases could be triggered by the accumulation and survival of dormant forms of bacterial pathogens in blood, lymph, synovial fluid or lipid vascular deposits. Good example is latent tuberculosis without clinical signs but inferred from immunological evidence. Current medical tests are mostly indirect and in addition designed to detect an acute infection with a higher density of multiplying microbes. However, in chronic diseases, a much lower incidence of dormant forms of pathogens can be expected, and much more sensitive methods based on different PCR variants are needed to detect them.

In this context, this Special Issue of Microorganisms aims to give the opportunity to researchers to present their most recent work and to exchange views, experiences, and updates concerning the association of chronic diseases with pathogens like Helicobacter pylori, chlamydia, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, and others. In particular, it is their diagnostics especially the comparison of DNA diagnostics to indirect immunological diagnostics. The second issue is the alternative treatment to cure them, because persisting pathogens are resistant to antibiotics.

For this purpose, we invite you to submit original research articles, review articles, and short communications related to any aspects of the association of chronic diseases with persisting pathogens.

Dr. Pavol Sulo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic diseases
  • persisting pathogens
  • alternative treatment
  • Helicobacter
  • Chlamydia
  • Mycoplasma
  • Mycobacteria
  • latent tuberculosis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 718 KiB  
Article
Subfractional Spectrum of Serum Lipoproteins and Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Individuals
by Daria A. Kashtanova, Natalia S. Klimenko, Olga N. Tkacheva, Irina D. Strazhesko, Victoria A. Metelskaya, Natalia V. Gomyranova and Sergey A. Boytsov
Microorganisms 2021, 9(7), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071461 - 8 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3002
Abstract
Aim: To reveal the relationship between gut microbiota composition and subfractional spectrum of serum lipoproteins and metabolic markers in healthy individuals from Moscow. Methods: The study included 304 participants (104 were men), who underwent thorough preclinical assessment to exclude any chronic disease as [...] Read more.
Aim: To reveal the relationship between gut microbiota composition and subfractional spectrum of serum lipoproteins and metabolic markers in healthy individuals from Moscow. Methods: The study included 304 participants (104 were men), who underwent thorough preclinical assessment to exclude any chronic disease as well as cardiovascular pathology. Lipoprotein subfractional distribution was analyzed by Lipoprint LDL System (Quantimetrix, Redodno Beach, CA, USA). Gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing of V3-V4 regions. Results: High gut microbiota diversity was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol (C) level and negatively associated with abdominal obesity, BMI, and dyslipidemia. According to selbal analysis, excessive representation of Prevotella spp. was positively associated with IDL-C and LDL-2-C. VLDL-C correlated with Ruminococcus_u/Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii balance. An unexpected positive relationship between LDL-C level and Bifidobacteriaceae_u/Christensenellaceae_u to Bifidobacterium_u balance was found, which may reflect the importance of the integrative microbiota assessment. Low microbiota diversity was associated with obesity, abdominal obesity and low HDL-C level. Conclusions: Gut microbiota imbalance may be one of the components involved in metabolic disorders. The balance of microorganisms and the microbiota diversity may play a more significant role in human health than individual bacterial genera. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Persisting Microorganisms and Chronic Diseases)
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15 pages, 1126 KiB  
Article
Reliable and Sensitive Nested PCR for the Detection of Chlamydia in Sputum
by Martina Smolejová, Iveta Cihová and Pavol Sulo
Microorganisms 2021, 9(5), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050935 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3492
Abstract
Chlamydia are Gram-negative, intracellular pathogens colonizing epithelial mucosa. They cause primarily atypical pneumonia and have recently been associated with chronic diseases. Diagnostics relies almost exclusively on serological methods; PCR tests are used rarely because in patients with positive ELISA, it is nearly impossible [...] Read more.
Chlamydia are Gram-negative, intracellular pathogens colonizing epithelial mucosa. They cause primarily atypical pneumonia and have recently been associated with chronic diseases. Diagnostics relies almost exclusively on serological methods; PCR tests are used rarely because in patients with positive ELISA, it is nearly impossible to identify chlamydial DNA. This paradox is associated with DNA degradation in sputum samples, low abundance, and low sensitivity of PCR systems. In a newly designed and validated “nested” PCR (NPCR) assay, it was possible to amplify DNA of Chlamydia known to infect humans in 31% samples. The reliability of the assay was confirmed by DNA sequencing, and all PCR products belonged exclusively to the Chlamydiales, mainly recognized as Chlamydia pneumoniae. Three samples were related to Ca. Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis and Ca. Renichlamydia lutjani, which infect arthropods. In one case, samples were taken from sick individual, indicating the potential as a human pathogen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Persisting Microorganisms and Chronic Diseases)
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Review

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14 pages, 1010 KiB  
Review
Risk Factors for Gut Dysbiosis in Early Life
by Kimberley Parkin, Claus T. Christophersen, Valerie Verhasselt, Matthew N. Cooper and David Martino
Microorganisms 2021, 9(10), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102066 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 7002
Abstract
Dysbiosis refers to a reduction in microbial diversity, combined with a loss of beneficial taxa, and an increase in pathogenic microorganisms. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can have a substantial effect on the nervous and immune systems, contributing to the onset of several [...] Read more.
Dysbiosis refers to a reduction in microbial diversity, combined with a loss of beneficial taxa, and an increase in pathogenic microorganisms. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can have a substantial effect on the nervous and immune systems, contributing to the onset of several inflammatory diseases. Epidemiological studies provided insight in how changes in the living environment have contributed to an overall loss of diversity and key taxa in the gut microbiome, coinciding with increased reports of atopy and allergic diseases. The gut microbiome begins development at birth, with major transition periods occurring around the commencement of breastfeeding, and the introduction of solid foods. As such, the development of the gut microbiome remains highly plastic and easily influenced by environmental factors until around three years of age. Developing a diverse and rich gut microbiome during this sensitive period is crucial to setting up a stable gut microbiome into adulthood and to prevent gut dysbiosis. Currently, the delivery route, antibiotic exposure, and diet are the best studied drivers of gut microbiome development, as well as risk factors of gut dysbiosis during infancy. This review focuses on recent evidence regarding key environmental factors that contribute to promoting gut dysbiosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Persisting Microorganisms and Chronic Diseases)
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