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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Disinfection and Sterilization of Microorganisms (2nd Edition)
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Disinfection and Sterilization of Microorganisms (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 3595

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hideharu Shintani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
Interests: sterilization of microorganisms and chromatographic analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue, “Disinfection and Sterilization of Microorganisms”(https://www.mdpi.com/si/166278).

Sterilization, disinfection, decontamination, etc., are indispensable methods to inactivate microorganisms, as some microorganisms can be harmful to human beings. Sterilization validation is a worldwide regulation issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The Technical Committee (TC) 198 of the ISO is under discussion with regard to sterilization validation. Sterilization validation is an important method by which to properly inactivate microorganisms, which will be welcomed in the future. Biological indicators are an important tool for evaluating sterilization efficiency. Therefore, sterilization validation and BIs will be discussed in this Special Issue.

Dr. Hideharu Shintani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sterilization
  • disinfection
  • validation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 494 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates
by Eri Hiraishi, Keita Ozaki, Moe Yamakami, Tempei Akasaka and Hirokazu Kimura
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020368 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 672
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major causative agent of foodborne illness and causes acute viral gastroenteritis. This study aimed to compare the virucidal efficacies of alcohol-based disinfectants against HuNoV and its surrogates for murine norovirus and feline calicivirus using a cell culture infectivity [...] Read more.
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major causative agent of foodborne illness and causes acute viral gastroenteritis. This study aimed to compare the virucidal efficacies of alcohol-based disinfectants against HuNoV and its surrogates for murine norovirus and feline calicivirus using a cell culture infectivity assay. Additionally, the study evaluated the validity of estimating virucidal efficacy on HuNoV from the results of virucidal efficacy on the surrogate virus. All disinfectants decreased the titer of each virus by >3 log10 and >4 log10 for an exposure duration of 30 s against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus, respectively. However, acidic alcohol-based disinfectants completely inactivated the HuNoV GII.17 strain for 30 or 60 s, whereas an alkaline alcohol-based disinfectant did not inactivate HuNoV GII.17 for 60 s. This finding indicates that the pH of alcohol disinfectants affects their virucidal effects against HuNoV, and acidity has a higher virucidal efficacy against HuNoV than alkalinity. Disinfectants showing virucidal efficacy against surrogates were not effective against HuNoV. Few studies have used cell culture infectivity assays to test the inactivating effects of hand sanitizers on HuNoV and its surrogates. Our study provides useful information for the development of disinfectants that are effective against HuNoV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disinfection and Sterilization of Microorganisms (2nd Edition))
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10 pages, 798 KiB  
Article
The Determination of the Rapid and Effective Activity of an Air Sanitizer against Aerosolized Bacteria Using a Room-Sized Aerobiology Chamber
by Bahram Zargar, M. Khalid Ijaz, Anthony Kevek, Mark Miller, Julie McKinney and Syed A. Sattar
Microorganisms 2024, 12(10), 2072; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12102072 - 16 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1279
Abstract
Air sanitization is an important non-pharmaceutical intervention for mitigating the risk of indoor pathogen spreading. A dipropylene glycol-containing air sanitizer was tested against aerosolized Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The bacteria, suspended in a soil load, were aerosolized using a six-jet Collison [...] Read more.
Air sanitization is an important non-pharmaceutical intervention for mitigating the risk of indoor pathogen spreading. A dipropylene glycol-containing air sanitizer was tested against aerosolized Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The bacteria, suspended in a soil load, were aerosolized using a six-jet Collison nebulizer with pressurized air. The 25-m3 (~900 ft3) aerobiology chamber was maintained at 22 ± 2 °C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity per the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 2012 Guidelines on air sanitizers. An initial 2-min air sample was collected from the chamber using a slit-to-agar sampler containing 150-mm Petri plates, with Trypticase soy agar (TSA) containing neutralizers to quench the microbicidal activity of the air sanitizer, to determine the initial bacterial challenge in the air. The air sanitizer was sprayed into the chamber from pressurized cans. Additional air samples were collected from the chamber over 10 min to detect surviving bacteria. The TSA plates were then incubated aerobically at 36 ± 1 °C for 90 ± 4 h and scored for bacterial colony-forming units. A 30-s spray of the air sanitizer reduced infectious S. aureus and K. pneumoniae titers by 3.0 log10 (99.9%) in 3.2 ± 0.3 min and 1.2 ± 0.0 min, respectively. Based on these findings, the EPA granted registration of the air sanitizer as the first product of its kind for indoor air sanitization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disinfection and Sterilization of Microorganisms (2nd Edition))
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17 pages, 17260 KiB  
Essay
Preliminary Study of the Characterization of the Viable but Noncultivable State of Yersinia enterocolitica Induced by Chloride and UV Irradiation
by Xueyu Hu, Xiaoxu Wang, Honglin Ren, Chengwei Li, Bo Zhang, Ruoran Shi, Yuzhu Wang, Shiying Lu, Yansong Li, Qiang Lu, Zengshan Liu and Pan Hu
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091778 - 28 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1132
Abstract
The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy for many foodborne pathogens under adverse conditions. Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) as a kind of primary foodborne pathogen, and it is crucial to investigate its survival strategies and potential risks in [...] Read more.
The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy for many foodborne pathogens under adverse conditions. Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) as a kind of primary foodborne pathogen, and it is crucial to investigate its survival strategies and potential risks in the food chain. In this study, the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and chlorine treatment in disinfecting the foodborne pathogen Y. enterocolitica was investigated. The results indicated that both UV irradiation and chlorine treatment can induce the VBNC state in Y. enterocolitica. The bacteria completely lost culturability after being treated with 25 mg/L of NaClO for 30 min and a UV dose of 100 mJ/cm². The number of culturable and viable cells were detected using plate counting and a combination of fluorescein and propidium iodide (live/dead cells). Further research found that these VBNC cells exhibited reduced intracellular Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) levels, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to non-induced cells. Morphologically, the cells changed from a rod shape to a shorter, coccobacillary shape with small vacuoles forming at the edges, indicating structural changes. Both condition-induced VBNC-state cells were able to resuscitate in tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium supplemented with Tween 80, sodium pyruvate, and glucose. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the survival mechanisms of Y. enterocolitica in the environment and are of significant importance for the development of effective disinfection strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disinfection and Sterilization of Microorganisms (2nd Edition))
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