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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Overviews of Clinical Microbial Infection
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Overviews of Clinical Microbial Infection

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2024) | Viewed by 19946

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vassiliki Pitiriga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: clinical infection; antibiotics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue "Overviews of Clinical Microbial Infection" highlights clinically relevant critical infections, including drug-resistant bacterial infections, bloodstream infections, viral infections, etc.

The research presented in this issue will provide valuable insights into the epidemic and the treatment and prevention of critical infectious diseases, including healthcare-associated infections, and highlight the need for further research into this important area.

This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality manuscripts (research articles, case reports, short communication, and reviews). We look forward to receiving your important contributions.

Dr. Vassiliki Pitiriga
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • infection
  • infectious disease
  • clinical

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3771 KiB  
Article
A Longitudinal Study of Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from the Tracheal Aspirates of a Paediatric Patient—Strain Type Similar to Pandemic ST131
by Brankica Filipic, Milan Kojic, Zorica Vasiljevic, Aleksandar Sovtic, Ivica Dimkic, Emily Wood and Alfonso Esposito
Microorganisms 2024, 12(10), 1990; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12101990 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1358
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium and part of the intestinal microbiota. However, it can cause various diarrhoeal illnesses, i.e., traveller’s diarrhoea, dysentery, and extraintestinal infections when the bacteria are translocated from the intestine to other organs, such as urinary tract infections, abdominal [...] Read more.
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium and part of the intestinal microbiota. However, it can cause various diarrhoeal illnesses, i.e., traveller’s diarrhoea, dysentery, and extraintestinal infections when the bacteria are translocated from the intestine to other organs, such as urinary tract infections, abdominal and pelvic infections, pneumonia, bacteraemia, and meningitis. It is also an important pathogen in intensive care units where cross-infection may cause intrahospital spread with serious consequences. Within this study, four E. coli isolates from the tracheal aspirates of a tracheotomised paediatric patient on chronic respiratory support were analysed and compared for antibiotic resistance and virulence potential. Genomes of all four isolates (5381a, 5381b, 5681, 5848) were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. According to PFGE analysis, the clones of isolates 5681 and 5848 were highly similar, and differ from 5381a and 5381b which were isolated first chronologically. All four E. coli isolates belonged to an unknown sequence type, related to the E. coli ST131, a pandemic clone that is evolving rapidly with increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance. All four E. coli isolates in this study exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype as, according to MIC data, they were resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline. In addition, principal component analyses revealed that isolates 5681 and 5848, which were recovered later than 5381a and 5381b (two weeks and three weeks, respectively) possessed more complex antibiotic resistance genes and virulence profiles, which is concerning considering the short time period during which the strains were isolated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overviews of Clinical Microbial Infection)
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11 pages, 717 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of HPV Genotypes among Greek Women in Association with Their Potential to Cause Precancerous Lesions
by Athanasia Kafasi, Georgios Kaparos, Vassiliki C. Pitiriga, Nikolaos Spanakis, Nikolaos Vlachos, Nikolaos Thomakos, Stamatios Stournaras and Athanasios Tsakris
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071404 - 11 Jul 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2312
Abstract
The escalating global rates of precancerous lesions associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) types not targeted by current vaccines underscore the need to explore the prevalence of HPV types within the Greek female population and their involvement in precancerous lesion development. In the current [...] Read more.
The escalating global rates of precancerous lesions associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) types not targeted by current vaccines underscore the need to explore the prevalence of HPV types within the Greek female population and their involvement in precancerous lesion development. In the current study, we enrolled a cohort of 253 women aged 18 to 65 years, residing in Greece, who underwent routine screening in three tertiary care referral hospitals. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire. An HPV DNA test was administered using the VisionArray® HPV kit (ZytoVision GmbH) to qualitatively detect and genotype 41 clinically relevant HPV genotypes. Of all 253 women examined, 114 (45.1%) tested positive for HPV DNA. The primary type detected was HPV51 (high-risk), present in 21 women (8.3% of the total), followed by HPV54 (low-risk) in 17 women (6.7%); HPV16 (high-risk) ranked third, identified in 14 women (5.5%). Among the HPV-positive women, 65 were positive for high-risk HPV types (57% of HPV-positive women) and were referred for colposcopy and cervical biopsy. These procedures identified 24 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) lesions and 2 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) lesions. The most prevalent HPV type among women with CIN1 lesions was HPV16, found in nine (37.5%) women, while HPV51 ranked second, identified in six (25%) women. Both women with CIN2 lesions tested positive for HPV16, whereas one of them was also tested positive for HPV45. Our study is the first to report the prevalence of HPV51 among HPV-positive women in the Greek female population. This highlights the need for further research to fully understand the potential of HPV types not covered by current vaccines, such as HPV51, to cause high-grade lesions or cervical cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overviews of Clinical Microbial Infection)
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Review

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16 pages, 1263 KiB  
Review
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Literature Review
by Mihnea Miron, Mihaela Blaj, Anca Irina Ristescu, Gabriel Iosep, Andrei-Nicolae Avădanei, Diana-Gabriela Iosep, Radu Crișan-Dabija, Alexandra Ciocan, Mihaela Perțea, Carmen Doina Manciuc, Ștefana Luca, Cristina Grigorescu and Mihaela Cătălina Luca
Microorganisms 2024, 12(1), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010213 - 20 Jan 2024
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 15683
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and its subtype, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), remain two significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, risk factors, preventive methods (bundle of care principles) and supportive care. Prior detection of the risk factors [...] Read more.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and its subtype, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), remain two significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, etiology, risk factors, preventive methods (bundle of care principles) and supportive care. Prior detection of the risk factors combined with a clear clinical judgement based on clinical scores and dosage of different inflammatory biomarkers (procalcitonin, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myelloid cells type 1, C-reactive protein, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide) represent the cornerstones of a well-established management plan by improving patient’s outcome. This review article provides an overview of the newly approved terminology considering nosocomial pneumonia, as well as the risk factors, biomarkers, diagnostic methods and new treatment options that can guide the management of this spectrum of infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Overviews of Clinical Microbial Infection)
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