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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Interactions Between Probiotics and Host
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Interactions Between Probiotics and Host

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 9142

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sávio Henrique De Cicco Sandes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculdade De Engenharia De Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
Interests: probiotics; gut–brain-axis; mucosal immunology; mucosal barrier

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a result of rich microbial biodiversity, a group of beneficial organisms was widely studied. Probiotics are classically characterized as microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, promote the health of their hosts. Through interactions with microbiota and epithelial surfaces, these microorganisms regulate the expression of multiple genes in their hosts, triggering responses that bring the sick body to homeostasis, promoting health and well-being. Applied in animal and cellular models, it has been observed that different probiotic strains are able to change the course of infections, the inflammation of mucous membranes and the skin, autoimmune diseases, and colorectal cancer, in addition to regulating nutrient absorption, the gut–brain axis, etc. Some mechanisms associated with these beneficial effects have already been described and could involve the regulation and maintenance of microbiota homeostasis, the protection of mucous membranes and skin, the promotion of epithelial barrier functions, and stimulation of the immune system, modulating inflammatory responses at local and systemic levels.

This Special Issue aims to assemble original research articles and reviews that address interactions between probiotic strains and hosts, highlighting their beneficial effects in different contexts of diseases or dysbiosis-dependent diseases. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: mucosal and non-mucosal microbiota, gastroenterology, neurosciences, dermatology, immunology, and human and animal nutrition.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Sávio Henrique De Cicco Sandes
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • probiotics
  • postbiotics
  • dysbiosis
  • beneficial microbes
  • gastroenterology diseases
  • skin
  • gut–brain axis
  • mucosal and systemic immunology
  • mucosal barrier
  • microbiome

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1923 KiB  
Article
Results of a Pilot Trial Assessing the Effects of Proper Oral Hygiene and a Probiotic Dietary Supplement on Oral Health in Volunteers with Oral Malodor
by Elena Y. Enioutina, R. James Keddington, Kurtis G. Hauck, Amarina Chavez, Jeffrey J. Clifford, Thy (April) Cao, Bryce Smith, Kathleen M. Job and Alfred Balch
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1821; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091821 - 3 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1643
Abstract
Persistent malodor affects many people worldwide and is usually associated with poor dental hygiene. This pilot trial aimed to determine whether proper dental hygiene (DH) and a probiotic dietary supplement support oral health in volunteers with persistent malodor. Volunteers (n = 35) [...] Read more.
Persistent malodor affects many people worldwide and is usually associated with poor dental hygiene. This pilot trial aimed to determine whether proper dental hygiene (DH) and a probiotic dietary supplement support oral health in volunteers with persistent malodor. Volunteers (n = 35) were randomly assigned to the probiotic or placebo cohort. The probiotic cohort (n = 20) brushed and flossed their teeth twice daily and used probiotics for 30 days; the placebo cohort (n = 15) followed the same hygiene practices and used the placebo. The intervention phase was followed by a 30-day follow-up period. Measured outcomes were malodor and tongue-coating scores, probiotic DNA levels, salivary cytokines, and salivary pH. DH and probiotics significantly decreased malodor (~50% during intervention) and tongue coating scores (~45% during intervention). These changes remained through the course of the trial. The probiotic DNA levels increased in the probiotic cohort and dropped in the placebo cohort after the intervention started. The malodor moderately correlated with the tongue coating P. acidilactici level. The addition of probiotics increased IL-10 levels during the intervention and decreased IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 by the end of the study. People with malodor may benefit from using DH and probiotics. Additional trials are needed to definitively establish the benefits of probiotic dietary supplements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions Between Probiotics and Host)
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Review

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11 pages, 599 KiB  
Review
Probiotic Bacterium-Derived p40, p75, and HM0539 Proteins as Novel Postbiotics and Gut-Associated Immune System (GAIS) Modulation: Postbiotic-Gut-Health Axis
by Feray Gençer Bingöl, Duygu Ağagündüz and Ferenc Budán
Microorganisms 2025, 13(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010023 - 26 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1064
Abstract
It is known that probiotics have direct and indirect effects on many systems in the body, especially the gastrointestinal system. Interest in using probiotic strain-derived cell components and metabolites has also increased as a result of the significant benefits of probiotics. Although many [...] Read more.
It is known that probiotics have direct and indirect effects on many systems in the body, especially the gastrointestinal system. Interest in using probiotic strain-derived cell components and metabolites has also increased as a result of the significant benefits of probiotics. Although many terminologies and definitions are used for these components and metabolites, the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) recommended the use of the term postbiotic in 2021, which is defined as “a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. Postbiotics are bioactive metabolites such as organic acids, peptides/proteins, cell wall components, functional enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and phenols. These molecules mediate many positive effects such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. These positive effects on maintaining health have enabled the identification of many new postbiotic proteins such as p40, p75, and HM0539. In this review, the postbiotic proteins p40, p75, and HM0539 derived from lactobacilli and their functional effects are systematically summarized. The p40 protein, in particular, has been shown to support gut barrier activity and reduce inflammation, potentially through mechanisms involving epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent signaling. Additionally, p40 and p75 proteins exhibit protective effects on intestinal epithelial tight junctions, suggesting their therapeutic potential in preventing intestinal damage and diseases such as colitis. HM0539 enhances intestinal barrier integrity, exhibits antiinflammatory properties, and protects against bacterial infection, suggesting its possible as a therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease. This review may contribute to future studies on the therapeutic use of p40, p75, and HM0539 postbiotic proteins in inflammatory gastrointestinal system diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions Between Probiotics and Host)
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30 pages, 2366 KiB  
Review
Advances in Yeast Probiotic Production and Formulation for Preventative Health
by Ghaneshree Moonsamy, Yrielle Roets-Dlamini, Cebeni Nkosihawukile Langa and Santosh Omrajah Ramchuran
Microorganisms 2024, 12(11), 2233; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112233 - 4 Nov 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2707
Abstract
The use of probiotics has been gaining popularity in terms of inclusion into human diets over recent years. Based on properties exerted by these organisms, several benefits have been elucidated and conferred to the host. Bacteria have been more commonly used in probiotic [...] Read more.
The use of probiotics has been gaining popularity in terms of inclusion into human diets over recent years. Based on properties exerted by these organisms, several benefits have been elucidated and conferred to the host. Bacteria have been more commonly used in probiotic preparations compared to yeast candidates; however, yeast exhibit several beneficial properties, such as the prevention and treatment of diarrhea, the production of antimicrobial agents, the prevention of pathogen adherence to intestinal sites, the maintenance of microbial balance, the modulation of the immune system, antibiotic resistance, amongst others. Saccharomyces boulardii is by far the most studied strain; however, the potential for the use of other yeast candidates, such as Kluyveromyces lactis and Debaryomyces hansenii, amongst others, have also been evaluated in this review. Furthermore, a special focus has been made regarding the production considerations for yeast-based probiotics and their formulation into different delivery formats. When drafting this review, evidence suggests that the use of yeasts, both wild-type and genetically modified candidates, can extend beyond gut health to support skin, the respiratory system, and overall immune health. Hence, this review explores the potential of yeast probiotics as a safe, effective strategy for preventative health in humans, highlighting their mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and production considerations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions Between Probiotics and Host)
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14 pages, 308 KiB  
Review
Overview of the Efficacy of Using Probiotics for Neurosurgical and Potential Neurosurgical Patients
by Sabina Fijan and Tomaž Šmigoc
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1361; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071361 - 2 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2335
Abstract
This review delves into the emerging field of the gut microbiota–brain axis, emphasizing its bidirectional communication and implications for neurological health, particularly in trauma and neurosurgery. While disruptions in this axis can lead to dysbiosis and hinder neurological recovery, recent studies have highlighted [...] Read more.
This review delves into the emerging field of the gut microbiota–brain axis, emphasizing its bidirectional communication and implications for neurological health, particularly in trauma and neurosurgery. While disruptions in this axis can lead to dysbiosis and hinder neurological recovery, recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of interventions like probiotics in targeting this axis. This review aims to focus on the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to support the gut microbiota–brain axis in trauma, neurosurgery, or pain based on the current clinical trials to assess the complex interplays among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and the central nervous system (CNS). This comprehensive literature review identified 10 relevant publications on probiotic interventions for various neurosurgical conditions across multiple countries. These studies demonstrated diverse outcomes, with significant improvements observed in gastrointestinal mobility, inflammatory responses, and infection rates, particularly in post-traumatic brain injury and spinal surgery. Probiotics also showed promise in mitigating antibiotic-associated diarrhea and modulating inflammatory cytokines. Despite the promising findings, the complex interplays among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and the central nervous system (CNS) call for cautious interpretation. Conflicting outcomes emphasize the need for better-designed trials to understand strain-specific and disease-specific effects accurately. In conclusion, probiotics offer a promising adjuvant therapy for neurosurgical patients, traumatic brain injuries, and post-spinal surgery. However, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are essential to elucidate the intricate relationship between microbiome-modulating interventions and the CNS via the gut microbiota–brain axis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactions Between Probiotics and Host)
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