Post-COVID Era: Epidemiologic, Virologic and Clinical Studies

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 172

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health and Sanitary Management, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: public health epidemiology; infectious disease surveillance; COVID-19 outcomes and post-acute sequelae; health systems management; sepsis and critical illness; antimicrobial resistance; clinical epidemiology; healthcare quality and safety; population health analytics

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Guest Editor Assistant
Department VI—Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3000041 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: cardiovascular complications of COVID-19; sepsis and systemic inflammation; biomarkers of disease severity (IL-6, troponin, NT-proBNP); post-acute COVID-19 syndrome; clinical outcomes research; cardio-metabolic comorbidities; critical care infections

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Post-COVID Era: Epidemiologic, Virologic and Clinical Studies”, aims to advance understanding of the long-term biological mechanisms and clinical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the post-pandemic period. As COVID-19 evolves from an acute global emergency into an endemic viral disease, growing evidence highlights the role of persistent viral activity, immune dysregulation, and chronic inflammatory responses in driving post-acute sequelae and multisystem involvement.

This Special Issue will particularly emphasize the microbiological, virological, and immunopathological mechanisms underlying post-COVID conditions, including viral persistence and evolution, host–pathogen interactions, immune exhaustion, cytokine imbalance, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammatory pathways contributing to long COVID and organ dysfunction. Additionally, the impact of microbiome disruption, secondary infections, and antimicrobial resistance in post-COVID patients will be explored.

Key topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Viral evolution, variant-driven pathogenicity, and post-infectious viral reservoirs;
  2. Immune dysregulation, cytokine-mediated inflammation, and autoimmunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection;
  3. Chronic organ damage and multisystem inflammatory consequences of COVID-19;
  4. Epidemiologic trends, reinfections, and long-term population-level outcomes;
  5. Secondary microbial complications, microbiome alterations, and antimicrobial resistance;
  6. Cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory sequelae of post-COVID syndrome.

Original research articles, systematic reviews, and short communications are welcome, with a focus on mechanistic insights and translational relevance to improve clinical management and public health strategies in the post-COVID era.

Dr. Adrian-Cosmin Ilie
Guest Editor

Dr. Ana Maria Pah
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • post-COVID syndrome
  • long COVID
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • epidemiology
  • clinical outcomes
  • inflammatory biomarkers
  • cardiovascular complications
  • sepsis
  • viral evolution
  • antimicrobial resistance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1235 KB  
Article
Variant-Independent Association Between Clinical Symptoms and IgM/IgG Responses During the Transition from Pre-Omicron to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Infections
by Naim Che-Kamaruddin, Jefree Johari, Hasmawati Yahaya, Nurhafiza Zainal and Sazaly AbuBakar
Microorganisms 2026, 14(5), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14051040 - 4 May 2026
Abstract
Understanding how clinical symptoms relate to immune responses during major variant transitions remains important for informing post-pandemic surveillance and vaccination strategies. This study compared symptom patterns and SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-RBD IgM and anti-S1 IgG antibody responses among vaccinated individuals infected during the pre-Omicron and [...] Read more.
Understanding how clinical symptoms relate to immune responses during major variant transitions remains important for informing post-pandemic surveillance and vaccination strategies. This study compared symptom patterns and SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-RBD IgM and anti-S1 IgG antibody responses among vaccinated individuals infected during the pre-Omicron and Omicron-dominant periods, representing a key phase in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 population immunity. A retrospective analysis of 216 confirmed COVID-19 cases was performed by evaluating 11 predefined symptoms together with anti-RBD IgM and anti-S1 IgG levels measured at Day-14 after symptom onset, corresponding to the period when humoral antibody responses are detectable following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants with breakthrough infection during the Omicron-dominant period reported fewer symptoms overall compared to the pre-Omicron period, with a median of three versus four symptoms, respectively. Cough was the most common symptom during the Omicron period (82.1%), followed by sore throat (81.4%) and fever (78.6%). In contrast, loss of taste or smell was significantly more frequent in the pre-Omicron period (64.8% versus 22.9%, p < 0.05). IgG levels were significantly higher during the Omicron period than during the pre-Omicron period, increasing by 42.3%, reflecting enhanced antibody responses likely driven by repeated exposure. A consistent association between cough and elevated IgG levels was observed in both periods (p < 0.05), suggesting an association between symptom presentation and the magnitude of the early humoral response. These findings suggest that while clinical symptom profiles evolved across a major SARS-CoV-2 variant transition, certain symptom–antibody relationships remained consistent. Such associations may provide insight into how clinical manifestations relate to immune responses in populations with pre-existing immunity and may support interpretation of symptomatic infection during ongoing SARS-CoV-2 circulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Post-COVID Era: Epidemiologic, Virologic and Clinical Studies)
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