Microparasites: Diversity, Phylogeny and Molecular Characterization

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 765

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratório de Parasitologia Integrativa e Paleoparasitologia-LPIP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Pav. Osório de Almeida Sala 16, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
Interests: parasitology; paleoparasitology; paleogenetic; molecular taxonomy; integrative taxonomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Parasitism is an ecological phenomenon, and parasites include any life form capable of multiplying and that finds its ecological niche in another life form. The study of parasites from a spatiotemporal perspective has been supported primarily by classical taxonomy, but also by genetic data that provide a more accurate overview of diversity in an evolutionary sense.

In this Special Issue, we encourage researchers to submit their contributions to the study of microparasite diversity, supported by molecular characterization and/or phylogenetic analysis. We consider studies on microparasites concerning viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Issues such as integrative taxonomy, ecology, molecular epidemiology, paleogenetics, and genomics, which contribute to the knowledge of host–parasite–environment relationships, are welcome.

Dr. Alena Mayo Iniguez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • parasitology
  • diversity
  • molecular biology
  • phylogeny
  • genomics
  • paleogenetics
  • taxonomy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1385 KB  
Article
Genetic Diversity and Clonal Expansion of Pathogenic Leptospira in Brazil: A Multi-Host and Multi-Regional Panorama
by Maria Isabel Nogueira Di Azevedo and Walter Lilenbaum
Microorganisms 2025, 13(11), 2512; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112512 - 31 Oct 2025
Viewed by 328
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis of major public health and veterinary relevance, caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Brazil is a hotspot for transmission due to its ecological diversity and complex host–environment interfaces. This study explored the genetic diversity [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis of major public health and veterinary relevance, caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Brazil is a hotspot for transmission due to its ecological diversity and complex host–environment interfaces. This study explored the genetic diversity and structure of circulating pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Brazil through a single-locus sequence typing (SLST) analysis based on the secY gene. A total of 531 sequences were retrieved from GenBank and subjected to phylogenetic and haplotype diversity analyses. Maximum likelihood reconstruction revealed strongly supported clades for seven species, with L. interrogans being the most prevalent and broadly distributed across hosts and regions. This species showed evidence of clonal expansion, with a dominant haplotype (n = 242) shared by humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. In contrast, L. santarosai and L. noguchii exhibited high haplotypic diversity and reticulated network structures, reflecting greater evolutionary variability. The species L. kirschneri and L. borgpetersenii displayed reduced haplotypic variation, the latter mainly associated with cattle, consistent with its host-adapted profile. Host- and biome-based haplotype networks revealed both the broad ecological adaptability of certain lineages and the exclusive presence of haplotypes restricted to specific environments, such as those found in marine mammals from the Atlantic Ocean. Genetic distance analyses confirmed the strong taxonomic resolution of the gene secY, which effectively distinguished closely related species while capturing intraspecific diversity. These findings provide a comprehensive molecular overview of pathogenic Leptospira in Brazil, highlighting ecological connectivity across hosts and biomes, as well as the contrasting evolutionary dynamics among species. Beyond describing genetic patterns, our analyses emphasize evolutionary processes, host–environment connectivity, and the implications for One Health. This integrative framework strengthens the basis for surveillance and control strategies in other endemic regions in the world. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microparasites: Diversity, Phylogeny and Molecular Characterization)
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