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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Resistant Bacteria: What Course to Follow?
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Resistant Bacteria: What Course to Follow?

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 7722

Special Issue Editors

Dr. André Pitondo-Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Bacteriology and Molecular Biology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Interests: drug-resistant; antibiotic resistance; molecular biology
Dr. Tatiana Amabile De Campos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Molecular Analysis of Pathogens, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
Interests: antibiotic resistance; microbial molecular biology; antimicrobial resistance; molecular microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infections caused by resistant bacteria are reported daily and reached a huge prevalence worldwide. These infections are not only present in healthcare environments but are also reported in communities outside the hospitals, animals (livestock and those considered wild), and in environmental sources of water. This scenario has become more concerning after COVID-19, when a monumental increase of infections was observed, caused by Pan-resistant bacteria. In this way, strategies to break the transmission and the dissemination of resistant bacteria contribute to decreasing the prevalence of these infections and providing a future of successful treatments of infectious diseases caused by bacteria. We are pleased to invite you to contribute to the Special Issue: Resistant Bacteria: What course to follow? The Special Issue aims to present studies about resistant bacteria dissemination in the One Health approach, advances in diagnostic and surveillance of bacteria-resistant infection, propositions to stop bacterial-resistant dissemination in the context of the One Health approach, and new tools of treatment and management of infections caused by resistant bacteria.

Suggested themes for submissions:

  1. Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance bacteria with an emphasis on the One Health approach.
  2. Tools for the diagnosis and for the surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria: effective tools used nowadays and purpose for new tools.
  3. Approaches for controlling the dissemination of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in hospitals, communities, animals, and the environment.
  4. Propositions to treatment and/or management of bacterial-resistant infections.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. André Pitondo-Silva
Dr. Tatiana Amabile De Campos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • resistant bacteria diagnostics and surveillance
  • compounds presenting antimicrobial activity to resistant bacteria
  • epidemiology
  • approaches to interrupt the bacteria-resistant dissemination

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3384 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Clostridioides difficile Persister Cells and Their Role in Antibiotic Tolerance
by Osvaldo Inostroza, Juan A. Fuentes, Paulina Yáñez, Giovanni Espinoza, Omar Fica, Camila Queraltó, José Rodríguez, Isidora Flores, Ruth González, Jorge A. Soto, Iván L. Calderón and Fernando Gil
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071394 - 9 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1603
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive pathogen known for its toxin production and spore formation. It is primarily responsible for most cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Bacterial persisters are a small subset of the population that exhibits transient tolerance to bactericidal substances, and they are [...] Read more.
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive pathogen known for its toxin production and spore formation. It is primarily responsible for most cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Bacterial persisters are a small subset of the population that exhibits transient tolerance to bactericidal substances, and they are of significant medical concern due to their association with the emergence of antibiotic resistance and difficult-to-treat chronic or recurrent infections. Vancomycin, the predominant antibiotic utilized in the management of C. difficile infection, is extensively applied in the realm of clinical practice. Previous studies have demonstrated a persister-like phenotype with treatments involving this antibiotic. However, the mechanism in C. difficile remains largely unknown, primarily due to the challenge of isolating this small population at any given time. To better characterize C. difficile persister cells, we present a study that enables the enrichment and characterization of persister cells from bacterial cultures in both the exponential and stationary phases. Moreover, we could differentiate between triggered (induced using antibiotics such as vancomycin) and spontaneous (stochastic) persister cells. Additionally, we observed the involvement of toxin-antitoxin systems and Clp proteases in persister cell formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistant Bacteria: What Course to Follow?)
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14 pages, 1398 KiB  
Article
Resistance and Virulence Surveillance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Commercial Meat Samples: A One Health Approach
by Maísa Fabiana Menck-Costa, Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista, Matheus Silva Sanches, Beatriz Queiroz dos Santos, Claudinéia Emidio Cicero, Hellen Yukari Kitagawa, Larissa Justino, Leonardo Pinto Medeiros, Marielen de Souza, Sergio Paulo Dejato Rocha, Gerson Nakazato and Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
Microorganisms 2023, 11(11), 2712; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112712 - 6 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2727
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a key indicator of food hygiene, and its monitoring in meat samples points to the potential presence of antimicrobial-resistant strains capable of causing infections in humans, encompassing resistance profiles categorized as serious threats by the Centers for Disease Control and [...] Read more.
Escherichia coli is a key indicator of food hygiene, and its monitoring in meat samples points to the potential presence of antimicrobial-resistant strains capable of causing infections in humans, encompassing resistance profiles categorized as serious threats by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), such as Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)—a problem with consequences for animal, human, and environmental health. The objective of the present work was to isolate and characterize ESBL-producing E. coli strains from poultry, pork, and beef meat samples, with a characterization of their virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 450 meat samples (150 chicken, 150 beef, and 150 pork) were obtained from supermarkets and subsequently cultured in medium supplemented with cefotaxime. The isolated colonies were characterized biochemically, followed by antibiogram testing using the disk diffusion technique. Further classification involved biofilm formation and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (blaCTX-M, AmpC-type, mcr-1, and fosA3), and virulence genes (eaeA, st, bfpA, lt, stx1, stx2, aggR, iss, ompT, hlyF, iutA, iroN, fyuA, cvaC, and hylA). Statistical analysis was performed via the likelihood-ratio test. In total, 168 strains were obtained, with 73% originating from chicken, 22% from pork, and 17% from beef samples. Notably, strains exhibited greater resistance to tetracycline (51%), ciprofloxacin (46%), and fosfomycin (38%), apart from β-lactams. The detection of antimicrobial resistance in food-isolated strains is noteworthy, underscoring the significance of antimicrobial resistance as a global concern. More than 90% of the strains were biofilm producers, and strains carrying many ExPEC genes were more likely to be biofilm formers (OR 2.42), which increases the problem since the microorganisms have a greater chance of environment persistence and genetic exchange. Regarding molecular characterization, bovine samples showed a higher prevalence of blaCTX-M-1 (OR 6.52), while chicken strains were more likely to carry the fosA3 gene (OR 2.43, CI 1.17–5.05) and presented between 6 to 8 ExPEC genes (OR 2.5, CI 1.33–5.01) compared to other meat samples. Concerning diarrheagenic E. coli genes, two strains harbored eae. It is important to highlight these strains, as they exhibited both biofilm-forming capacities and multidrug resistance (MDR), potentially enabling colonization in diverse environments and causing infections. In conclusion, this study underscores the presence of β-lactamase-producing E. coli strains, mainly in poultry samples, compared to beef and pork samples. Furthermore, all meat sample strains exhibited many virulence-associated extraintestinal genes, with some strains harboring diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistant Bacteria: What Course to Follow?)
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Review

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19 pages, 1042 KiB  
Review
Challenges in the Detection of Polymyxin Resistance: From Today to the Future
by Rebeca Siqueira Rubens, Isabel de Souza Andrade Arruda, Rosane Mansan Almeida, Yanna Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega, Maiara dos Santos Carneiro and Tanise Vendruscolo Dalmolin
Microorganisms 2024, 12(1), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010101 - 4 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2443
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is known to be one of the greatest global threats to human health, and is one of the main causes of death worldwide. In this scenario, polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Currently, the reference test [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is known to be one of the greatest global threats to human health, and is one of the main causes of death worldwide. In this scenario, polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Currently, the reference test to evaluate the susceptibility of isolates to polymyxins is the broth microdilution method; however, this technique has numerous complications and challenges for use in laboratory routines. Several phenotypic methods have been reported as being promising for implementation in routine diagnostics, including the BMD commercial test, rapid polymyxin NP test, polymyxin elution test, culture medium with polymyxins, and the Polymyxin Drop Test, which require materials for use in routines and must be easy to perform. Furthermore, Sensititre®, molecular tests, MALDI-TOF MS, and Raman spectroscopy present reliable results, but the equipment is not found in most microbiology laboratories. In this context, this review discusses the main laboratory methodologies that allow the detection of resistance to polymyxins, elucidating the challenges and perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistant Bacteria: What Course to Follow?)
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