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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 6172

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marcos De Donato

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Querétaro 76130, CP, Mexico
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; enterobacteriaceae

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious problem for public health worldwide, affecting communities, production systems, and the environment, having become a growing crisis that challenges the usual implementation of epidemiological control strategies. The emergence and spread of resistant strains jeopardizes the effectiveness of previously effective antibiotics, making our therapeutic arsenal increasingly less effective in fighting even the most common infections.

It is estimated that if effective control measures are not implemented, AMR may become the leading global cause of death by 2050. The continued evolution of resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci has generated “Superbugs”, causing untreatable infections and increasing mortality, morbidity, and health-related costs within society. The repercussions extend beyond the clinical setting, infiltrating communities and economies, as health systems are strained by the burden of resistant infections.

This Special Issue attempts to bring together significant contributions regarding the factors that contribute to the emergence, dissemination, management, and control of AMR in these important bacterial groups. Contributions may include molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and epidemiological dimensions of AMR.

We extend an invitation to researchers to contribute through research articles, reviews, short communications, and case reports.

Prof. Dr. Marcos De Donato
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular mechanisms of resistance
  • clinical implications
  • epidemiology
  • outbreak
  • global health One Health
  • antibiotic resistance
  • public health
  • environment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5788 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Analysis of blaCTX-M1 Gene Expression Alongside iutA, csgA, and kpsMII Virulence Genes in Septicemic Escherichia coli Using Real-Time PCR
by Mohsen Karbalaei, Mojgan Esmailpour, Valentyn Oksenych and Majid Eslami
Microorganisms 2025, 13(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010095 - 6 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1233
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a serious worldwide health concern, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the main cause. This study investigates the co-expression of blaCTX-M1 and iutA, csgA, and kpsMII genes in E. coli isolated from septicemic patients, aiming to clarify [...] Read more.
Background: Sepsis is a serious worldwide health concern, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the main cause. This study investigates the co-expression of blaCTX-M1 and iutA, csgA, and kpsMII genes in E. coli isolated from septicemic patients, aiming to clarify the interaction between virulence and resistance. Methods: This study evaluated 100 E. coli isolates from septicemic patients. With the disc diffusion method, antibiotic susceptibility was confirmed. The use of ceftazidime–clavulanic acid allowed for the confirmation of ESBL. PCR and real-time PCR were used to detect virulence and beta-lactamase genes. The expression levels of important genes were compared between isolates in LB and blood. Results: Antibiotic resistance was common in isolates carrying blaCTX-M1, including tetracycline (93%) and erythromycin (99%). Instead, there was no resistance to fosfomycin and 3% resistance to carbapenems. Real-time PCR revealed more expression levels in blood for the virulence genes kpsMII and csgA. Pathogenicity and resistance increased with blaCTX-M1 co-expression with the kpsMII and csgA genes. Conclusions: The coexistence of ESBL and virulence genes in E. coli isolates significantly increases antibiotic resistance and infection severity. Monitoring of these genes is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies. The key to treating these diseases is having sophisticated diagnostic tools and using antibiotics cautiously. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci)
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13 pages, 872 KiB  
Article
Molecular Analysis of Escherichia coli and Correlations Between Phylogroups and Sequence Types from Different Sources
by João Gabriel Material Soncini, Vanessa Lumi Koga, Bruna Fuga, Zuleica Naomi Tano, Gerson Nakazato, Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi, Nilton Lincopan and Eliana Carolina Vespero
Microorganisms 2024, 12(12), 2645; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122645 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1482
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a significant pathogen responsible for infections in both humans and livestock, possessing various virulence mechanisms and antimicrobial resistance that make it even more concerning. In this study, several internationally recognized clones of E. coli were identified, such as ST131, ST38, [...] Read more.
Escherichia coli is a significant pathogen responsible for infections in both humans and livestock, possessing various virulence mechanisms and antimicrobial resistance that make it even more concerning. In this study, several internationally recognized clones of E. coli were identified, such as ST131, ST38, ST648, and ST354, from chicken meat, pork, and human infection samples. Notably, ST131, belonging to phylogroup B2, was the dominant sequence type (ST) in human samples, while ST38, belonging to phylogroup D, was the most prevalent in meat samples. Several antibiotic resistance genes were identified: the gyrA gene mutation was the most prevalent, and CTX-M-55 was the most common extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), with significant differences noted for CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-15. Virulence-associated genes (VAGs) such as gad and iss were frequently found, especially in human isolates. These findings highlight the complex epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in community settings and the potential risks associated with commercial meat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci)
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10 pages, 628 KiB  
Article
Regional Variation in Urinary Escherichia coli Resistance Among Outpatients in Washington State, 2013–2019
by Hannah T. Fenelon, Stephen E. Hawes, Hema Kapoor, Ann E. Salm, Jeff Radcliff and Peter M. Rabinowitz
Microorganisms 2024, 12(11), 2313; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112313 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a predominant pathogen of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the United States. We analyzed resistance patterns by geographic location in Washington State to assess the need for regional antibiograms. The study included urinary E. coli antibiotic [...] Read more.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a predominant pathogen of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the United States. We analyzed resistance patterns by geographic location in Washington State to assess the need for regional antibiograms. The study included urinary E. coli antibiotic susceptibility tests performed by Quest Diagnostics on Washington outpatient isolates from 2013 to 2019. We conducted logistic regressions with robust standard errors for five antibiotics (ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), with isolates classified as “susceptible” or “resistant” for each antibiotic tested. Analyses were adjusted for sex, year of isolate collection, and age group (0–18, 19–50, >50). The state’s nine Public Health Emergency Preparedness Regions (PHEPRs) were used as the geographic level for the analysis. The analysis included 40,217 isolates (93% from females, mean age 47 years). Compared to the Central PHEPR (containing Seattle), most other regions had significantly lower adjusted prevalence ratios (aPORs) of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with aPORs as low as 0.20 (95% CI: 0.06–0.63) for ceftriaxone in the North Central region. Additionally, no regions had significantly higher aPOR of resistance for any antibiotic. Differences in resistance between the Central and other regions varied by antibiotic with the largest difference for ceftriaxone and smallest for ampicillin. The finding of regional variation of E. coli AMR calls for more specific community antibiograms to enable a precise approach to antibiotic prescribing and stewardship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci)
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15 pages, 1482 KiB  
Article
Microbiological Quality of Coconut Water Sold in the Grande Vitória Region, Brazil, and Phenogenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance of Associated Enterobacteria
by Valéria Modolo Peterle, Juliana Aliprandi Bittencourt Cardoso, Carolina Magri Ferraz, Delcimara Ferreira de Sousa, Natália Pereira, Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar, Vanessa Castro, Luis Antonio Mathias, Marita Vedovelli Cardozo and Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1883; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091883 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2039
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of coconut water sold from street carts equipped with cooling coils or refrigerated at bakeries in the Grande Vitória Region, Brazil. Additionally, it assessed the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolated enterobacteria. The [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of coconut water sold from street carts equipped with cooling coils or refrigerated at bakeries in the Grande Vitória Region, Brazil. Additionally, it assessed the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolated enterobacteria. The results indicated that coconut water sold at street carts had lower microbiological quality compared to refrigerated samples, as evidenced by significantly higher counts of mesophilic microorganisms. Using MALDI-TOF, the following opportunistic pathogens were identified: Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter bugandensis, E. kobei, E. roggenkampii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Kluyvera ascorbata. Three isolates—E. bugandensis, K. pneumoniae, and K. ascorbata—were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Widespread resistance to β-lactams and cephalosporins was detected, and some isolates were resistant to quinolones, nitrofurans, and phosphonic acids. The gene blaCTX-M-2 was detected in C. freundii, E. bugandensis, E. kobei, and K. ascorbata. However, genes blaNDM, blaKPC, blaCMY-1, and blaCMY-2 were not detected in any isolate. The findings underscore the need to enhance good manufacturing practices in this sector to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the presence of potentially pathogenic enterobacteria in coconut water samples and their associated phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci)
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