Polar Microbiome Facing Climate Change

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 3245

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Guest Editor
Microbial Oceanography Laboratory, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
Interests: marine microbial ecology; biogeochemistry; microbes and climate change; microbial community structure; arctic ocean

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polar environments are facing profound changes linked to climate change, warming at a faster rate than the rest of the planet and being impacted by the melting of sea ice and glaciers, the thinning of ice sheets, the thawing of permafrost, marine and terrestrial heat waves, etc. The entire Arctic and Antarctic biosphere is under threat from these disturbances. It is pertinent to study the response of microbial communities to these environmental changes as microorganisms play a crucial role in biogeochemical processes, functioning as both consumers and emitters of greenhouse gases, thus contributing to the sustainability of the planet. The diversity of these microorganisms, their genetic and physiological traits that allow them to live and compete at low temperatures, their spatial and temporal dynamics and their impact on element cycling are all subjects at the heart of current research in polar microbiology. Studying these aspects could facilitate our application of microbial communities in climate prediction models and our use of them as possible sentinels of the evolution of polar environments, without forgetting the discovery of new molecules of biotechnological or medical interest from these cold-adapted microorganisms. 

For this Special Issue, we encourage the submission of original research work on all components of microbial communities (bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses) and on all polar ecosystems (marine environments, ice, freshwater, and soils).

Dr. Fabien Joux
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • polar microbiology
  • polar environment
  • climatic changes
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • phytoplankton
  • fungi
  • viruses
  • protists
  • cold ecosystems
  • adaptation
  • acclimatation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6293 KB  
Article
Biogeography of Cryoconite Bacterial Communities Across Continents
by Qianqian Ge, Zhiyuan Chen, Yeteng Xu, Wei Zhang, Guangxiu Liu, Tuo Chen and Binglin Zhang
Microorganisms 2026, 14(1), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010162 - 11 Jan 2026
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Abstract
The geographic distribution patterns of microorganisms and their underlying mechanisms are central topics in microbiology, crucial for understanding ecosystem functioning and predicting responses to global change. Cryoconite absorbs solar radiation to form cryoconite holes, and because it lies within these relatively deep holes, [...] Read more.
The geographic distribution patterns of microorganisms and their underlying mechanisms are central topics in microbiology, crucial for understanding ecosystem functioning and predicting responses to global change. Cryoconite absorbs solar radiation to form cryoconite holes, and because it lies within these relatively deep holes, it faces limited interference from surrounding ecosystems, often being seen as a fairly enclosed environment. Moreover, it plays a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of key elements such as carbon and nitrogen, making it an ideal model for studying large-scale microbial biogeography. In this study, we analyzed bacterial communities in cryoconite across a transcontinental scale of glaciers to elucidate their biogeographical distribution and community assembly processes. The cryoconite bacterial communities were predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with significant differences in species composition across geographical locations. Bacterial diversity was jointly driven by geographical and anthropogenic factors: species richness exhibited a hump-shaped relationship with latitude and was significantly positively correlated with the Human Development Index (HDI). The significant positive correlation may stem from nutrient input and microbial dispersal driven by high-HDI regions’ industrial, agricultural, and human activities. Beta diversity demonstrated a distance-decay pattern along spatial gradients such as latitude and geographical distance. Analysis of community assembly mechanisms revealed that stochastic processes predominated across continents, with a notable scale dependence: as the spatial scale increased, the role of deterministic processes (heterogeneous selection) decreased, while stochastic processes (dispersal limitation) strengthened and became the dominant force. By integrating geographical, climatic, and anthropogenic factors into a unified framework, this study enhances the understanding of the spatial-scale-driven mechanisms shaping cryoconite bacterial biogeography and emphasizes the need to prioritize anthropogenic influences to predict the trajectory of cryosphere ecosystem evolution under global change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polar Microbiome Facing Climate Change)
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19 pages, 4202 KB  
Article
Bacterial Diversity of Arctic Soils with Long-Standing Pollution by Petroleum Products and Heavy Metals
by Ekaterina M. Semenova, Tamara L. Babich, Diyana S. Sokolova, Vladimir A. Myazin, Maria V. Korneykova and Tamara N. Nazina
Microorganisms 2026, 14(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14010055 - 26 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Long-standing and chronic soil pollution in the Polar Regions is the most persistent. Simultaneous contamination with petroleum products and heavy metals puts additional load on the soil microbial community. The purpose of this work was to determine the composition of prokaryotes in the [...] Read more.
Long-standing and chronic soil pollution in the Polar Regions is the most persistent. Simultaneous contamination with petroleum products and heavy metals puts additional load on the soil microbial community. The purpose of this work was to determine the composition of prokaryotes in the soils of Mount Kaskama with long-standing contamination with petroleum products and heavy metals (Murmansk region, Russia) and outside this zone and the potential ability of bacteria to participate in the self-purification of these soils. Using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 fragments, an increase in the proportion of bacteria of the phyla Pseudomonadota, Verrucomicrobiota, Cyanobacteriota, and Bacillota was shown with an increase in soil contamination. Bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Caballeronia, Cytobacillus, Paenibacillus, Paraburkholderia, Pseudomonas, and Rhodanobacter were isolated from soil samples. Bacteria of the genus Paenibacillus capable of hydrocarbon oxidation and iron reduction were isolated from the subsurface contaminated layers. Under aerobic conditions, Fe(II) oxidation by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and biodegradation of hydrocarbons by isolated bacteria are possible. The isolated strains grew at low temperatures, used diesel fuel components, and were resistant to Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II). The data obtained indicates the adaptation of bacterial communities to environmental conditions and the ability to participate in the process of soil self-healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polar Microbiome Facing Climate Change)
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