Emerging Trends in Arboviral Research: Surveillance, Diagnostics, Virus–Host Interactions, and Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2025) | Viewed by 727

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Virus-Hosts Interactions Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
Interests: arboviruses; surveillance; diagnosis; virus-hosts interactions

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Virus-Hosts Interactions Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
Interests: arboviruses; antivirals; natural products; diagnosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arboviruses, or arthropod-borne viruses, transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks, pose significant public health threats globally. This Special Issue will highlight cutting-edge research in the field of arbovirology, encompassing both basic and applied studies. Contributions will explore advancements in diagnostics, surveillance, arbovirus viral evolution, and vector–host interactions, as well as the therapeutic development of arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. More recently, Oropouche virus emergence has posed a new concern. These viruses cause a wide range of diseases, from mild febrile illness to severe neurological complications, with increasing global incidence. By embracing a multidisciplinary approach, this Special Issue will foster a deeper understanding of arbovirus transmission dynamics, inform public health strategies, and guide the development of novel therapeutic and preventive measures. By addressing critical gaps in our knowledge and emphasizing innovative solutions, this Special Issue will contribute to developing further research and informing global health responses to arboviral outbreaks in order to reduce their burden on communities worldwide.

Dr. Flávia Barreto Dos Santos
Dr. Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • arthropod-borne viruses
  • diagnostics
  • surveillance
  • vector–host interactions
  • pathogenesis
  • viral evolution
  • therapeutic strategies
  • antivirus

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2506 KB  
Article
Evaluation of the Impact of Coinfection and Superinfection on Chikungunya and Mayaro Viruses’ Replication in Aedes aegypti
by Maria Eduarda dos Santos Pereira de Oliveira, Larissa Krokovsky, Maria Júlia Brito Couto, Duschinka Ribeiro Duarte Guedes, George Tadeu Nunes Diniz, Constância Flávia Junqueira Ayres and Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
Microorganisms 2025, 13(9), 2165; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092165 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 432
Abstract
The simultaneous circulation of multiple arboviruses, often driven by (re)emergence events, poses challenges to public health systems. In Brazil, the co-circulation of Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Oropouche virus (OROV), together with the potential urban emergence of Mayaro [...] Read more.
The simultaneous circulation of multiple arboviruses, often driven by (re)emergence events, poses challenges to public health systems. In Brazil, the co-circulation of Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Oropouche virus (OROV), together with the potential urban emergence of Mayaro virus (MAYV), underscores the importance of understanding interactions among these pathogens within their vectors. This study investigated the effects of CHIKV and MAYV coinfection and superinfection on replication dynamics in Aedes aegypti. Mosquitoes were experimentally exposed to CHIKV and MAYV through artificial blood meals under coinfection and superinfection conditions. Infection (IR), dissemination (DR), and transmission (TR) rates, as well as viral loads, were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). To confirm viral replication and assess cytopathic effects, positive saliva samples were inoculated in Vero cells, followed by serial passages and plaque assays for viral titration. The results showed that Ae. aegypti is capable of transmitting both CHIKV and MAYV concurrently during coinfection. However, in superinfection scenarios, prior infection with either virus significantly reduced the transmission efficiency of the subsequently acquired virus, indicating viral interference at the replication level. These findings underscore the complexity of arboviral interactions within vectors and highlight their potential implications for transmission dynamics. Continuous entomo-virological surveillance and targeted research are essential for anticipating and mitigating the impact of arboviral co-circulation in endemic regions. Full article
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