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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Arboviruses 2.0
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Arboviruses 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2024) | Viewed by 5692

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chang-Kweng Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Arboviruses, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
Interests: developing animal models; laboratory diagnostics; viral replication and assembly, and viral pathology and molecular epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous special issue "Arboviruses".

Arbovirus diseases such as dengue fever, zika virus disease, yellow fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis are emerging and re-emerging human illnesses transmitted by arthropod vectors. Up to 390 million people are infected every year with the dengue virus. Millions of people are infected with other arboviruses such as chikungunya virus, Zika virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. The burden of these diseases is highest in tropical and subtropical areas, and they have afflicted populations and claimed lives in many countries. Furthermore, arboviruses are increasingly prevalent in more temperate regions, resulting in even more people being at risk. The distribution of arbovirus diseases is determined by complex demographic, environmental, social factors, and global travel and trade. This Special Issue of Microorganisms highlights recent advances in molecular biology, molecular evolution, diagnostics, animal models, and the control of emerging arboviruses such as Usutu virus, Ross River virus, Muko virus, and Mayaro virus.

Dr. Chang-Kweng Lim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dengue virus
  • zika virus
  • chikungunya virus
  • Japanese encephalitis virus
  • animal model and pathogenesis
  • diagnostics and prevention

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 7736 KiB  
Article
Chikungunya Virus RNA Secondary Structures Impact Defective Viral Genome Production
by Laura I. Levi, Emily A. Madden, Jeremy Boussier, Diana Erazo, Wes Sanders, Thomas Vallet, Veronika Bernhauerova, Nathaniel J. Moorman, Mark T. Heise and Marco Vignuzzi
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1794; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091794 - 29 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that poses an emerging threat to humans. In a manner similar to other RNA viruses, CHIKV encodes an error-prone RNA polymerase which, in addition to producing full-length genomes, gives rise to truncated, non-functional genomes, which [...] Read more.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that poses an emerging threat to humans. In a manner similar to other RNA viruses, CHIKV encodes an error-prone RNA polymerase which, in addition to producing full-length genomes, gives rise to truncated, non-functional genomes, which have been coined defective viral genomes (DVGs). DVGs have been intensively studied in the context of therapy, as they can inhibit viral replication and dissemination in their hosts. In this work, we interrogate the influence of viral RNA secondary structures on the production of CHIKV DVGs. We experimentally map RNA secondary structures of the CHIKV genome using selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP), which couples chemical labelling with next-generation sequencing. We correlate the inferred secondary structure with preferred deletion sites of CHIKV DVGs. We document an increased probability of DVG generation with truncations at unpaired nucleotides within the secondary structure. We then generated a CHIKV mutant bearing synonymous changes at the nucleotide level to disrupt the existing RNA secondary structure (CHIKV-D2S). We show that CHIKV-D2S presents altered DVG generation compared to wild-type virus, correlating with the change in RNA secondary structure obtained by SHAPE-MaP. Our work thus demonstrates that RNA secondary structure impacts CHIKV DVG production during replication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arboviruses 2.0)
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Review

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37 pages, 2762 KiB  
Review
Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses Occurrence and Distribution in the Last Three Decades in Central Africa: A Systematic Literature Review
by Natacha Poungou, Silas Lendzele Sevidzem, Aubin Armel Koumba, Christophe Roland Zinga Koumba, Phillipe Mbehang, Richard Onanga, Julien Zahouli Bi Zahouli, Gael Darren Maganga, Luc Salako Djogbénou, Steffen Borrmann, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Stefanie C. Becker, Jacques François Mavoungou and Rodrigue Mintsa Nguéma
Microorganisms 2024, 12(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010004 - 19 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3101
Abstract
Arboviruses represent a real public health problem globally and in the Central African subregion in particular, which represents a high-risk zone for the emergence and re-emergence of arbovirus outbreaks. Furthermore, an updated review on the current arbovirus burden and associated mosquito vectors is [...] Read more.
Arboviruses represent a real public health problem globally and in the Central African subregion in particular, which represents a high-risk zone for the emergence and re-emergence of arbovirus outbreaks. Furthermore, an updated review on the current arbovirus burden and associated mosquito vectors is lacking for this region. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, the current study was designed with the following objectives: (i) to systematically review data on the occurrence and distribution of arboviruses and mosquito fauna; and (ii) to identify potential spillover mosquito species in the Central African region in the last 30 years. A web search enabled the documentation of 2454 articles from different online databases. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and the quality of reporting of meta-analyses (QUORUM) steps for a systematic review enabled the selection of 164 articles that fulfilled our selection criteria. Of the six arboviruses (dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and West Nile virus (WNV)) of public health concern studied, the most frequently reported were chikungunya and dengue. The entomological records showed >248 species of mosquitoes regrouped under 15 genera, with Anopheles (n = 100 species), Culex (n = 56 species), and Aedes (n = 52 species) having high species diversity. Three genera were rarely represented, with only one species included, namely, Orthopodomyia, Lutzia, and Verrallina, but individuals of the genera Toxorhinchites and Finlayas were not identified at the species level. We found that two Aedes species (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) colonised the same microhabitat and were involved in major epidemics of the six medically important arboviruses, and other less-frequently identified mosquito genera consisted of competent species and were associated with outbreaks of medical and zoonotic arboviruses. The present study reveals a high species richness of competent mosquito vectors that could lead to the spillover of medically important arboviruses in the region. Although epidemiological studies were found, they were not regularly documented, and this also applies to vector competence and transmission studies. Future studies will consider unpublished information in dissertations and technical reports from different countries to allow their information to be more consistent. A regional project, entitled “Ecology of Arboviruses” (EcoVir), is underway in three countries (Gabon, Benin, and Cote d’Ivoire) to generate a more comprehensive epidemiological and entomological data on this topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arboviruses 2.0)
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