Clinical Microbial Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance: Second Edition

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2025) | Viewed by 1373

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine at St. John Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
Interests: S. aureus; COVID; HIV; infectious disease
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Clinical Microbial Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance” (https://www.mdpi.com/si/199475).

Clinicians are overwhelmed by the ever-changing landscape of antimicrobial resistance that is problematic in the treatment of bacterial, viral, fungal, and even protozoal infections. This ever-changing landscape has posed serious challenges for clinical microbiologists as well as infectious disease clinicians. As new organisms emerge such as Candida auris, the problem of resistance at times seems overwhelming. Even older organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus have challenged us with not only methicillin-resistant S. aureus but also vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) has had the greatest clinical impact among viral pathogens that can emerge to be drug-resistant while under the pressures of therapy, leading to them being transmitted to uninfected individuals, resulting in therapeutic challenges for the practicing clinician who must utilize genotypic analysis for decision-making. The World Health Organization has indicated that antimicrobial resistance is a top global health threat, contributing to 4.95 million deaths (1). At the center of this controversy is the question of how we can avoid unnecessary antimicrobial usage through strong antimicrobial stewardship programs as advocated by the Infectious Disease Society of America. The pipeline for antimicrobial therapy is limited and poses the greatest threat to dealing with this landscape of ever-changing resistance. In addition, a challenge to clinical microbiology laboratories is providing relevant clinical information and also poses to be a rate-limiting step in addressing this problem. The economic impact of these challenges cannot be underestimated, as the World Bank has estimated that antimicrobial resistance could result in USD 1 trillion of additional healthcare costs by 2050 (2).

Dr. Louis Saravolatz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • multidrug resistance
  • antibiotic development
  • resistance control
  • benefits of pub

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1120 KB  
Communication
Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Among Japanese Children from 2008 to 2024
by Tomohiro Oishi, Tsuyoshi Kenri and Daisuke Yoshioka
Microorganisms 2025, 13(10), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102243 - 25 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), an important pathogen that causes pneumonia among children and young adults, caused an epidemic every four years in Japan until 2016, with the next epidemic occurring eight years later in 2024. This study compared the prevalence of MP infections among [...] Read more.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), an important pathogen that causes pneumonia among children and young adults, caused an epidemic every four years in Japan until 2016, with the next epidemic occurring eight years later in 2024. This study compared the prevalence of MP infections among Japanese children in 2024 to previous years using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the p1 genotype determined using the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Of the 133 total isolates collected in 2024, 54.1% were macrolide-resistant MP (MRMP), with 98.0% of those containing an A2063G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene associated with macrolide resistance. This annual rate of MRMP and incidence of the A2063G mutation was similar to those in 2016. However, the dominant p1 genotype among isolates in 2024 was type 1 (93.4%), whereas type 2 was dominant in the previous epidemic. Thus, although the rate of MRMP in 2024 was similar to that in the previous epidemic year, the distribution of p1 genotypes was different. Further, the rate of MRMP was lower than neighboring Asian countries, including China and Korea, but was higher than in European countries. Therefore, it is important to continue monitoring MP infections in Japan. Full article
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Review

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15 pages, 801 KB  
Review
Vascular Graft Infections Due to Listeria spp.: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
by Tommaso Lupia, Marco Casarotto, Gianfranco Fonte, Saverio Marena, Francesca Paola Giunta, Fabrizio Buffolo, Silvia Corcione and Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
Microorganisms 2025, 13(10), 2262; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13102262 - 26 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Vascular graft infections are rare but serious complications of vascular surgery. Listeria monocytogenes represents an exceedingly rare yet potentially life-threatening cause. We present a narrative review according to the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) criteria, summarizing the existing literature [...] Read more.
Vascular graft infections are rare but serious complications of vascular surgery. Listeria monocytogenes represents an exceedingly rare yet potentially life-threatening cause. We present a narrative review according to the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) criteria, summarizing the existing literature regarding Listeria vascular graft infections. Moreover, we have revised novel potential antibiotics against Listeria spp. A systematic search identified 23 studies involving 39 patients. Most infections affected abdominal aortic grafts (50%), with a median interval of 28 months from graft implantation to infection. Common comorbidities included hypertension (30.8%) and diabetes (18%), with 24% of patients being immunocompromised. Diagnosis was supported by blood cultures (45%) and imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT, 90%) and positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) in selected cases. Surgical intervention was performed in 55% of patients, while 45% were treated medically. Ampicillin, often combined with an aminoglycoside, was the most common first-line therapy. Median treatment duration was 51 days, with some patients requiring lifelong suppressive antibiotic therapy. Mortality was low (one patient), and no recurrences were reported. This review underscores the diagnostic complexity and evolving management strategies in Listeria spp. vascular graft infections. Full article
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