Pathogenesis and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Fish Pathogens

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 159

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
Interests: viral and bacterial diseases of fish; fish immunology

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Animal Hygiene and Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
Interests: aquaculture; Immunology; nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This issue of Microorganisms provides new insights into a critical theme for aquaculture and public health regarding the relationship between antibiotic use, the traditional and emerging pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and the rise of resistant microbial strains.

The ongoing intensification of aquaculture practices has directly impacted fish health, leading to increasingly frequent and severe disease outbreaks. Despite advancements in strategies such as vaccination and the use of immunostimulants, many farmers, particularly in developing countries, continue to rely on antibiotics. What might seem like negligence is often rooted in a lack of knowledge about the impact of antibiotics on fish disease pathogenesis, coupled with the limited availability of technologies developed for regionally important species.

The biological and molecular responses of fish and microorganisms—and the interactions between them in the presence of antibiotics—have been pivotal areas of study in aquaculture and human health worldwide. As a result, significant progress has been made toward finding alternatives to antibiotics. However, more comprehensive knowledge is still needed to enhance the biosecurity of aquaculture systems.

In this issue, we focus on the following:

  1. New insights into microbial resistance to antibiotics;
  2. Host–pathogen interactions in the presence of antibiotics;
  3. How antibiotics (and other substances used in aquaculture) alter the pathogenesis of fish diseases; and
  4. Novel alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture.

Reviews, original research, and communications on any aspect of the ‘Pathogenesis and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Fish Pathogens’ will be welcome.

Dr. Ricardo Luiz Moro De Sousa
Dr. Nycolas Levy-Pereira
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • host–pathogen interactions
  • aquaculture
  • antibiotics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 842 KiB  
Article
Eucalyptus globulus Pyroligneous Extract as Dietary Additive for Nile Tilapia Health: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments
by Marcelo Felisberto dos Reis, Nycolas Levy-Pereira, Nathalia Raissa de Alcântara Rocha, Talita Maria Lazaro, Marisa Matias de França, Sofia Harumi Lopes Nishikawa, Silvia Helena Seraphin de Godoy and Ricardo Luiz Moro de Sousa
Microorganisms 2025, 13(8), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081773 - 30 Jul 2025
Abstract
Studies on plant extracts as growth promoters and immunostimulants have shown promising results. However, their effects on fish health and growth remain unclear. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of Eucalyptus globulus pyroligneous extract (PE) on Nile tilapia. In [...] Read more.
Studies on plant extracts as growth promoters and immunostimulants have shown promising results. However, their effects on fish health and growth remain unclear. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of Eucalyptus globulus pyroligneous extract (PE) on Nile tilapia. In vitro, minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) and antibiogram analyses showed that PE could eliminate key bacterial strains affecting fish and human health, but only if its volatile components were preserved. In vivo, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were fed diets containing 0.5% and 1% PE. We assessed fish hematology, phagocytosis, survival against Streptococcus agalactiae, and growth parameters. Fish fed 1% PE had lower erythrocyte and lymphocyte counts but higher neutrophil levels than controls. Their phagocytic capacity was significantly enhanced compared to both the control and 0.5% groups. However, the 0.5% PE group had a higher phagocytic index than both the control and 1% groups. No protection against S. agalactiae or significant effects on growth were observed. In conclusion, distilled E. globulus PE shows potential as an immunostimulant for fish. However, further studies are needed to preserve its volatile compounds and optimize its use in aquaculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Fish Pathogens)
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