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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Marine Bioactive Compounds with Potential Applications on Eye Disorders
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Marine Bioactive Compounds with Potential Applications on Eye Disorders

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 12667

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alexa Karina Klettner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Quincke Research Center, Kiel, Germany
Interests: pathogenesis and the treatment of age dependent macular degeneration; retinal inflammation; retinal pigment epithelium; fucoidan; brown algae; seaweed

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Blinding diseases are a major problem in today’s world, especially in aging societies. More than 2.2 billion people suffer from visual impairment, and their ailment also affects relatives, medical care-givers, and society as a whole. For many eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and many others, today’s treatment options are not sufficient, leaving the treatment of blinding diseases as an unmet challenge. Bioactive compounds derived from marine organisms offer a multitude of potential new treatment options to be discovered and developed, but this potential has been underutilized so far. The aim of this Special Issue “Marine Bioactive Compounds with Potential Applications on Eye” is to not only show the potential of marine compounds for eye diseases currently being investigated by researchers, but also to direct attention to this exciting field of biomedical research. It is the road less travelled, that can make all the difference in a field that is in desperate need of new treatment modalities, and which could learn and gain so much from the unmatched biodiversity of the ocean.

The collection of this issue will present the status quo of research concerning potential medical application of marine compounds in the eye, summarizing what has been discovered so far, pointing out existing possibilities, and providing directions for further research and the development of new therapeutics to be utilized in ophthalmology.

We would like to invite you to contribute to this issue and share your findings, ideas and new developments.

Prof. Dr. Alexa Karina Klettner
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • retina
  • retinopathy 
  • eye disease 
  • marine 
  • algae 
  • fish 
  • seaweed 
  • shrimp

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 51414 KiB  
Article
Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles as Vehicles of Epoetin Beta for Subconjunctival Ocular Delivery
by Beatriz Silva, Lídia M. Gonçalves, Berta São Braz and Esmeralda Delgado
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(2), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20020151 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3374
Abstract
Neuroprotection in glaucoma using epoetin beta (EPOβ) has yielded promising results. Our team has developed chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (CS/HA) designed to carry EPOβ into the ocular globe, improving the drug’s mucoadhesion and retention time on the ocular surface to increase its bioavailability. In [...] Read more.
Neuroprotection in glaucoma using epoetin beta (EPOβ) has yielded promising results. Our team has developed chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (CS/HA) designed to carry EPOβ into the ocular globe, improving the drug’s mucoadhesion and retention time on the ocular surface to increase its bioavailability. In the present in vivo study, we explored the possibility of delivering EPOβ to the eye through subconjunctival administration of chitosan-hyaluronic acid-EPOβ (CS/HA-EPOβ) nanoparticles. Healthy Wistar Hannover rats (n = 21) were split into 7 groups and underwent complete ophthalmological examinations, including electroretinography and microhematocrit evaluations before and after the subconjunctival administrations. CS/HA-EPOβ nanoparticles were administered to the right eye (OD), and the contralateral eye (OS) served as control. At selected timepoints, animals from each group (n = 3) were euthanized, and both eyes were enucleated for histological evaluation (immunofluorescence and HE). No adverse ocular signs, no changes in the microhematocrits (≈45%), and no deviations in the electroretinographies in both photopic and scotopic exams were observed after the administrations (p < 0.05). Intraocular pressure remained in the physiological range during the assays (11–22 mmHg). EPOβ was detected in the retina by immunofluorescence 12 h after the subconjunctival administration and remained detectable until day 21. We concluded that CS/HA nanoparticles could efficiently deliver EPOβ into the retina, and this alternative was considered biologically safe. This nanoformulation could be a promising tool for treating retinopathies, namely optic nerve degeneration associated with glaucoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Bioactive Compounds with Potential Applications on Eye Disorders)
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21 pages, 43098 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effects of Fucoidans from Fucus Species and Laminaria hyperborea against Oxidative Stress and Iron-Dependent Cell Death
by Philipp Dörschmann, Sarah Apitz, Inga Hellige, Sandesh Neupane, Susanne Alban, Georg Kopplin, Signe Ptak, Xavier Fretté, Johann Roider, Marietta Zille and Alexa Klettner
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(10), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19100557 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3539
Abstract
Fucoidans are algal polysaccharides that exhibit protective properties against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate different fucoidans from brown seaweeds for their ability to protect against iron-dependent oxidative stress (ferroptosis), a main hallmark of retinal and brain diseases, including [...] Read more.
Fucoidans are algal polysaccharides that exhibit protective properties against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate different fucoidans from brown seaweeds for their ability to protect against iron-dependent oxidative stress (ferroptosis), a main hallmark of retinal and brain diseases, including hemorrhage. We investigated five new high-molecular weight fucoidan extracts from Fucus vesiculosus, F. serratus, and F. distichus subsp. evanescens, a previously published Laminaria hyperborean extract, and commercially available extracts from F. vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida. We induced oxidative stress by glutathione depletion (erastin) and H2O2 in four retinal and neuronal cell lines as well as primary cortical neurons. Only extracts from F. serratus, F. distichus subsp. evanescens, and Laminaria hyperborea were partially protective against erastin-induced cell death in ARPE-19 and OMM-1 cells, while none of the extracts showed beneficial effects in neuronal cells. Protective fucoidans also attenuated the decrease in protein levels of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4, a key regulator of ferroptosis. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the antioxidant abilities of fucoidans may be cell type-specific, besides depending on the algal species and extraction method. Future studies are needed to further characterize the health-benefiting effects of fucoidans and to determine the exact mechanism underlying their antioxidative abilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Bioactive Compounds with Potential Applications on Eye Disorders)
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15 pages, 3894 KiB  
Article
Cytoprotective Potential of Fucoxanthin in Oxidative Stress-Induced Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Senescence In Vivo and In Vitro
by Shiu-Jau Chen, Tzer-Bin Lin, Hsien-Yu Peng, Hsiang-Jui Liu, An-Sheng Lee, Cheng-Hsien Lin and Kuang-Wen Tseng
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(2), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020114 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4870
Abstract
Oxidative stress is identified as a major inducer of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell dysregulation and is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The protection of RPE disorders plays an essential role in the pathological progress of retinal degeneration diseases. The pharmacological functions [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is identified as a major inducer of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell dysregulation and is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The protection of RPE disorders plays an essential role in the pathological progress of retinal degeneration diseases. The pharmacological functions of fucoxanthin, a characteristic carotenoid, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may ameliorate an outstanding bioactivity against premature senescence and cellular dysfunction. This study demonstrates that fucoxanthin protects RPE cells from oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and decreased photoreceptor cell loss in a sodium iodate-induced AMD animal model. Similarly, oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, nuclear phosphorylated histone (γH2AX) deposition and premature senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining were inhibited by fucoxanthin pretreatment in a human RPE cell line, ARPE-19 cells. Results reveal that fucoxanthin treatment significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and increased the mitochondrial metabolic rate in oxidative stress-induced RPE cell damage. Moreover, atrophy of apical microvilli was inhibited in cells treated with fucoxanthin after oxidative stress. During aging, the RPE undergoes well-characterized pathological changes, including amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression and tight junction disruption, which were also reduced in fucoxanthin-treated groups by immunofluorescence. Altogether, pretreatment with fucoxanthin may protect against premature senescence and cellular dysfunction in retinal cells by oxidative stress in experimental AMD animal and human RPE cell models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Bioactive Compounds with Potential Applications on Eye Disorders)
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