Rolling Contact Fatigue and White Etching Cracks of Bearings, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 2155

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Technical Consultat, D-72351 Geislingen, Germany
2. Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Interests: advanced materials research; components; bearings; rolling contact fatigue; white etching cracks; tribology and lubrication
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Guest Editor
1. SKF GmbH, Material Physics, Schweinfurt, Germany
2. Institute of Material Science, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
Interests: rolling contact fatigue; rolling contact tribology; hydrogen embrittlement; root cause failure analysis; residual stresses; heat treatment of steels; diffusion processes and interfaces; additive welding; cold working; strain aging; non-destructive testing; modeling and simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rolling bearings are key elements in most engineering applications. The transitional changes in industrial and automotive sectors with respect to sustainability and resource conservation result in new demands for material loading knowledge and innovative technologies. In the fields of globally promoted electric, fuel cell and hybrid mobility, for instance, bearings are exposed to a novel generation of energy-efficient lubricants and experience combined influences such as transient or persisting currents and frictional effects. Under rough operating conditions, however, rolling contact fatigue mechanisms are significantly modified or superimposed by the additional loadings. Sliding sensitivity of larger bearings at different positions of wind turbines is a prominent example. Earlier failures, with respect to life theory prediction, may occur, amongst others, by white etching crack phenomena. This challenge makes reconsideration of bearing performance and materials essential, which requires in-depth understanding of the nature and impacts of the damaging processes. Great efforts are presently being made to study hydrogen release from lubricants into the steel, and many other important topics are of the same high importance. Our Special Issue provides a unique forum for reporting the latest research and interdisciplinary developments in the field of rolling contact fatigue and white etching cracks of bearings. Equal emphasis will be laid on scientific and engineering aspects, e.g., experiments and rig testing, microstructural characterization, fractography, root cause analyses, sensing and monitoring, practical case studies, modeling and simulation.

Prof. Dr. Walter Martin Holweger
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Gegner
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • rolling bearings
  • rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and tribology
  • new findings in classical (subsurface) RCF
  • mixed friction and surface RCF
  • RCF modified by additional loadings, material response
  • white etching cracks (WECs) in component/bearing tests and real applications
  • failure analysis of field returns and rig test bearings, preparation methods
  • WEC root cause hypotheses and life models
  • influence of lubricants/additives on RCF and WEC
  • tailored lubricants, protective coatings, and surface reinforcement
  • preventive design rules
  • condition monitoring and predictive maintenance, artificial intelligence systems

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

29 pages, 13129 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Peripheral Components in Test Rig Creation of White Etching Cracks
by Jürgen Wranik, Walter Holweger and Ling Wang
Lubricants 2024, 12(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12020045 - 4 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1779
Abstract
White Etching Cracks (WEC) have become a subject of extensive research in material science, chemistry and lubrication, and even operational mathematics by AI learning. Initially reported in the 1960s and considered an exotic anomaly, the failures gained importance with the global rise of [...] Read more.
White Etching Cracks (WEC) have become a subject of extensive research in material science, chemistry and lubrication, and even operational mathematics by AI learning. Initially reported in the 1960s and considered an exotic anomaly, the failures gained importance with the global rise of wind energy power and the automotive industry. Unexpectedly high failure rates in various bearing applications have led to the need for a deeper understanding and prevention of WEC. It has come a long way from materials inspection, to parametrically studying WECs on test rigs, to the understanding that WEC is a stand-alone phenomenon and sparingly related to common failures in bearing technology. It has been commonly accepted that WEC drivers have multiple dimensions, e.g., material, contact mechanics, chemistry, and electricity. The impact of these factors on WEC failures is frequently studied using test rigs at the component level, such as the FE8 test rig. The FE8 has been utilized in numerous investigations due to its ability to replicate WEC failures without requiring artificial electricity or hydrogen charging by using specific lubricant chemistry and operating conditions. However, through intensive testing, it was observed in this study that a standard material in an FE8 rig component demonstrated a profound influence on WEC formation. This paper presents the details of the testing and analysis, aiming to investigate the mechanisms of interactions between the hose material and the low reference lubricant. The results demonstrate that the chemistry of the component material plays an important role in WEC formation. This finding may have significant impact in WEC studies, especially when the FE8 rig is used. Full article
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