Colorectal Cancer: Innovations in Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Medicine, Cell, and Organism Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 4633

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
2. Radiology of Faenza, Medical Imaging Department AUSL Romagna, 48018 Faenza, Italy
Interests: video-assisted thoracic surgery; hepatocellular carcinoma; teleradiology; cancer; gastrointestinal diseases; diagnosis; colonoscopy; applied artificial intelligence; endometriosis; liver diseases

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Guest Editor
Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Interests: cancer imaging; imaging informatics (with a predominant focus on artificial intelligence, radiomics and structured reporting applied to cancer imaging); optimization of CT acquisition protocols
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last few years, in medical imaging, new perspectives have been developed, especially related to the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics, making radiology a pivotal specialty of modern medicine.

Radiologists will attain better precision and effectiveness with the advent of AI technology, making machine-assisted medical services a valuable and important option for future oncologic medical care.

The purpose of this special issue is to overview the current evidence and future prospects of AI and radiomics algorithms in the screening, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Dr. Francesca Coppola
Dr. Lorenzo Faggioni
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • colorectal cancer
  • radiomics
  • deep learning
  • artificial intelligence
  • cancer imaging
  • machine learning
  • oncology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1171 KiB  
Article
Impact of Sidedness of Colon Cancer on Epidemiological, Clinical Presentation, Surgical, Pathological, and Oncologic Outcomes
by Oswaldo de Moraes Filho, Bruno Augusto Alves Martins, André Araujo de Medeiros Silva, Antonio Carlos Nóbrega dos Santos, Romulo Medeiros de Almeida and João Batista Sousa
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(12), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14121153 - 16 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study was to identify potential differences between patients with right colon cancer and left colon cancer in epidemiological, clinical presentation, pathological, and surgical results in addition to the impact of the sidedness on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall [...] Read more.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to identify potential differences between patients with right colon cancer and left colon cancer in epidemiological, clinical presentation, pathological, and surgical results in addition to the impact of the sidedness on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Method: Patients with a diagnosis of colon cancer stages I-IV between 2010 and 2020 were identified from a prospective database in a tertiary single center. Right and left-sided cancer were compared regarding epidemiological, clinical presentation, pathological, and surgical results. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method and adjusted hazard ratios for mortality (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were obtained using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The right colon group included 82 (31%) patients and the left colon group 182 (69%). After adjusted analysis, RCC presented less bleeding (RP: 0.31; CI: 0.18–0.56; p: 0.0001) and change in bowel habits (RP: 0.60; CI: 0.41–0.87; p: 0.0069). A laparotomy approach was more performed in LCC (RP: 0.64; CI: 0.47–0.86; p: 0.0029). Regarding pathological results, RCC had more poorly differentiated tumors (RP: 0.81; CI: 0.70–0.94; p: 0.05). In the adjusted analysis, there was no difference in survival for right-sided compared to left-sided colon cancer: the hazard ratios were 1.36 (CI 95%: 0.61–3.01; p: 0.4490) for OS and 2.04 (CI: 0.91–4.59; p: 0.0814) for DFS. Conclusions: In this population-based cohort, we found no impact of colon cancer sidedness on OS and DFS. RCC presented less differentiated tumors and LCC presented more bleeding and change in bowel habits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorectal Cancer: Innovations in Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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8 pages, 462 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Surrogate Markers of Insulin Resistance and Occurrence of Colorectal Adenoma in Individuals under 50 Years Old: A Single-Center Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
by Chi Hyeon Choi, Sang Yi Moon and Jong Yoon Lee
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(9), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14090971 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1141
Abstract
(1) Background: Young-onset colorectal adenomas (YOAs) are precursors to early-onset colorectal cancer, a growing concern among individuals under 50 years old. This study investigated the association between surrogate markers of insulin resistance (IR) and YOAs occurrence. (2) Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Young-onset colorectal adenomas (YOAs) are precursors to early-onset colorectal cancer, a growing concern among individuals under 50 years old. This study investigated the association between surrogate markers of insulin resistance (IR) and YOAs occurrence. (2) Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 4467 individuals aged 20 to 49 years who underwent their first screening colonoscopy at Dong-A University Hospital from 2018 to 2022. IR was assessed using the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). (3) Results: Individuals with YOAs exhibited significantly higher median TyG index (8.51 ± 0.71 vs. 8.32 ± 0.61, p < 0.001), TG/HDL-C ratio (2.78 ± 3.05 vs. 2.12 ± 1.85, p < 0.001), and METS-IR (35.72 ± 8.37 vs. 33.44 ± 9.11, p < 0.001) values than controls. The adjusted odds ratios for YOAs were 1.064 (95% CI: 1.22–2.23, p = 0.021) for the TyG index, 1.067 (95% CI: 1.031–1.105, p < 0.001) for the TG/HDL-C ratio, and 1.011 (95% CI: 1.002–1.021, p = 0.023) for METS-IR values, indicating a strong association between higher IR marker values and the presence of YOAs. (4) Conclusions: Elevated IR marker values are strongly associated with the occurrence of YOAs in individuals under 50 years old. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorectal Cancer: Innovations in Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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15 pages, 1820 KiB  
Article
The Composition of Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) in the Blood Plasma of Colorectal Cancer Patients Reflects the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome and Correlates with Angiogenesis and the Effectiveness of Thermoradiation Therapy
by Natalia V. Yunusova, Dmitry A. Svarovsky, Artem I. Konovalov, Dmitry N. Kostromitsky, Zhanna A. Startseva, Olga V. Cheremisina, Sergey G. Afanas’ev, Irina V. Kondakova, Alina E. Grigor’eva, Sergey V. Vtorushin, Elena E. Sereda, Anna V. Usova and Svetlana N. Tamkovich
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(4), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040684 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2050
Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancer patients (CRCPs) develop tumors on the background of “metabolically healthy obesity” or metabolic syndrome. The aim of the work was to study the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) on the surface of blood [...] Read more.
The majority of colorectal cancer patients (CRCPs) develop tumors on the background of “metabolically healthy obesity” or metabolic syndrome. The aim of the work was to study the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) on the surface of blood plasma CD9-positive and FABP4-positive small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from CRCPs depending on metabolic status and tumor angiogenesis, as well as to evaluate the sEVs markers as predictors of the effectiveness of thermoradiotherapy. In CRCPs, compared with patients with colorectal polyps (CPPs), the proportion of triple positive EVs and EVs with the MMP9+MMP2-TIMP1+ phenotype increased significantly among FABP4-positive EVs (adipocyte-derived EVs), which in general may indicate the overexpression of MMP9 and TIMP1 by adipocytes or adipose tissue macrophages in CRCPs. The results obtained have prospects for use as markers to clarify cancer risk in CPPs. One can assume that for CRCPs with metabolic syndrome or metabolically healthy obesity, it is the FABP4+MMP9+MMP2-TIMP1- population of circulating sEVs that is the most optimal biomarker reflecting tumor angiogenesis. Determining this population in the blood will be useful in monitoring patients after treatment for the early detection of tumor progression. CD9+MMP9+MMP2-TIMP1- and MMP9+MMP2-TIMP1+ subpopulations of circulating sEVs are the most promising predictors of the efficacy of thermoradiation therapy because their levels at baseline differ significantly in CRCPs with different tumor responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorectal Cancer: Innovations in Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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