Epidemiology of Bacteria-Fungi Interactions

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Ecological Interactions of Fungi".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 5107

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, S-14186 Stockholm, Sweden

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

In our relatively short history as Homo sapiens that started between 200,000 and 300,000 years ago, we have been deeply affected by our interactions with other organisms. Indeed, recent studies on mycobiota and microbiota show that the interaction between an individual and their fungal or bacterial flora has utmost consequences in health and disease.

Today, we know that fungi have existed from very early in the history of life on Earth, about one billion years ago. Bacteria appeared a little bit later between 419.2 million and 358.9 million years ago. The relationship between bacteria and fungi is more than 1000 times longer than the relationship of human beings with their microbiota. It is obvious that, as in the case of all long relationships, bacteria and fungi have been best friends and fierce foes throughout history.

The human body consists of billions of bacteria and fungi. The interaction between fungi and bacteria in the body is very complex and depends on numerous microorganism and host factors. The outcome of the interactions may result in improving health status, causing mild and severe disease, and probably recovering from different types of diseases. It is known that the characteristics of the interaction and the outcome are largely dependent on the genus, species, and even virulence factor level of the fungi and bacteria involved. It is therefore crucial to bring light to this complex scientific field and describe the interactions between fungi and bacteria. One of the important starting points in clinical implementation of information in this field is to describe the epidemiology of fungi and bacteria in disease and health. In the present Special Issue of the Journal of Fungi, we describe the epidemiology of bacteria–fungi interactions.

Dr. Volkan Özenci
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

6 pages, 239 KiB  
Article
Combining T2Bacteria and T2Candida Panels for Diagnosing Intra-Abdominal Infections: A Prospective Multicenter Study
by Anders Krifors, Måns Ullberg, Markus Castegren, Johan Petersson, Ernesto Sparrelid, Volkan Özenci and Ola Blennow
J. Fungi 2022, 8(8), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080832 - 09 Aug 2022
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Abstract
The T2Bacteria panel is a direct-from-blood assay that delivers rapid results, targeting E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecium (ESKAPE pathogens). In this study, T2Bacteria and T2Candida (targeting C. albicans/C. [...] Read more.
The T2Bacteria panel is a direct-from-blood assay that delivers rapid results, targeting E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecium (ESKAPE pathogens). In this study, T2Bacteria and T2Candida (targeting C. albicans/C. tropicalis, C. glabrata/C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis) were evaluated in parallel with blood cultures in 101 consecutive surgical patients with suspected intra-abdominal infection admitted to the intensive care unit or high dependency unit. Fifteen patients had bacteremia, with T2Bacteria correctly identifying all on-panel (n = 8) pathogens. T2Bacteria was positive in 19 additional patients, 11 of whom had supportive cultures from other normally sterile sites (newly inserted drains, perioperative cultures or blood cultures) within seven days. Six of these eleven patients (55%) received broad-spectrum antibiotics at the sampling time. T2Candida identified the two cases of blood-culture-positive candidemia and was positive in seven additional patients, three of whom were confirmed to have intra-abdominal candidiasis. Of four patients with concurrent T2Bacteria and T2Candida positivity, only one patient had positive blood cultures (candidemia), while three out of four patients had supporting microbiological evidence of a mixed infection. T2Bacteria and T2Candida were fast and accurate in diagnosing on-panel bloodstream infections, and T2Bacteria was able to detect culture-negative intra-abdominal infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of Bacteria-Fungi Interactions)
15 pages, 3557 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Microbiota and Mycobiota in Fungal Ball Rhinosinusitis: Specific Interaction between Aspergillus fumigatus and Haemophilus influenza?
by Sarah Dellière, Eric Dannaoui, Maxime Fieux, Pierre Bonfils, Guillaume Gricourt, Vanessa Demontant, Isabelle Podglajen, Paul-Louis Woerther, Cécile Angebault and Françoise Botterel
J. Fungi 2021, 7(7), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070550 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2447
Abstract
Fungal ball (FB) rhinosinusitis (RS) is the main type of non-invasive fungal RS. Despite positive direct examination (DE) of biopsies, culture remains negative in more than 60% of cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance/efficacy of targeted metagenomics (TM) [...] Read more.
Fungal ball (FB) rhinosinusitis (RS) is the main type of non-invasive fungal RS. Despite positive direct examination (DE) of biopsies, culture remains negative in more than 60% of cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance/efficacy of targeted metagenomics (TM) to analyze microbiota and mycobiota in FB and find microbial associations. Forty-five sinus biopsies from patients who underwent surgery for chronic RS were included. After DE and culture, DNA was extracted, then fungal ITS1–ITS2 and bacterial V3–V4 16S rDNA loci were sequenced (MiSeqTM Illumina). Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were defined via QIIME and assigned to SILVA (16S) and UNITE (ITS) databases. Statistical analyses were performed using SHAMAN. Thirty-eight patients had FB and seven had non-fungal rhinosinusitis (NFRS). DE and culture of FB were positive for fungi in 97.3 and 31.6% of patients, respectively. TM analysis of the 38 FB yielded more than one fungal genus in 100% of cases, with Aspergillus in 89.5% (34/38). Haemophilus was over-represented in FB with >1000 reads/sample in 47.3% (18/38) compared to NFRS (p < 0.001). TM allowed fungal identification in biopsies with negative culture. Haemophilus was associated with FB. Pathogenesis could result from fungi–bacteria interactions in a mixed biofilm-like structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of Bacteria-Fungi Interactions)
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