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Advances in Fungal Infection
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Advances in Fungal Infection

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3694

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nahid Kondori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
Interests: fungal diagnostics; clinical mycology; fungal infection; antimicrobials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence of fungal infections has increased in recent decades, predominantly among immunosuppressed patients. Only four classes of antifungal drugs are currently used in clinical practice for treatment of invasive fungal infections. With treatment of patients with antifungal drugs, resistance is evolving in pathogenic fungi, which is an emerging concern worldwide. Candida glabrata resistance to echinocandins and azole resistance to Aspergillus spp. have been reported globally; these fungi cause infections with high mortality rates. In addition, the number of infections caused by emerging fungi that are resistant to the limited number of antifungal drugs is also rising. Identification of antifungal susceptibility for clinical fungal isolates affects the choice of antifungal drugs to be used and patients’ survival. The aim of this issue is to shed light on the epidemiology of antifungal resistance, the prevalence of emerging fungal infections, and new diagnostic approaches for identification and drug resistance fungi.

Dr. Nahid Kondori
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • invasive fungal infections
  • emerging fungal infection
  • antifungal resistance
  • new diagnostic approaches
  • antifungal susceptibility

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 7744 KiB  
Article
Acquired Triazole Resistance Alters Pathogenicity-Associated Features in Candida auris in an Isolate-Dependent Manner
by Flora Bohner, Csaba Papp, Tamas Takacs, Mónika Varga, András Szekeres, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Renáta Tóth and Attila Gacser
J. Fungi 2023, 9(12), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9121148 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Fluconazole resistance is commonly encountered in Candida auris, and the yeast frequently displays resistance to other standard drugs, which severely limits the number of effective therapeutic agents against this emerging pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acquired [...] Read more.
Fluconazole resistance is commonly encountered in Candida auris, and the yeast frequently displays resistance to other standard drugs, which severely limits the number of effective therapeutic agents against this emerging pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acquired azole resistance on the viability, stress response, and virulence of this species. Fluconazole-, posaconazole-, and voriconazole- resistant strains were generated from two susceptible C. auris clinical isolates (0381, 0387) and compared under various conditions. Several evolved strains became pan-azole-resistant, as well as echinocandin-cross-resistant. While being pan-azole-resistant, the 0381-derived posaconazole-evolved strain colonized brain tissue more efficiently than any other strain, suggesting that fitness cost is not necessarily a consequence of resistance development in C. auris. All 0387-derived evolved strains carried a loss of function mutation (R160S) in BCY1, an inhibitor of the PKA pathway. Sequencing data also revealed that posaconazole treatment can result in ERG3 mutation in C. auris. Despite using the same mechanisms to generate the evolved strains, both genotype and phenotype analysis highlighted that the development of resistance was unique for each strain. Our data suggest that C. auris triazole resistance development is a highly complex process, initiated by several pleiotropic factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fungal Infection)
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10 pages, 914 KiB  
Article
Mortality Caused by Candida auris Bloodstream Infections in Comparison with Other Candida Species, a Multicentre Retrospective Cohort
by Cynthia Ortiz-Roa, Martha Carolina Valderrama-Rios, Sebastián Felipe Sierra-Umaña, José Yesid Rodríguez, Gerardo Antonio Muñetón-López, Carlos Augusto Solórzano-Ramos, Patricia Escandón, Carlos Arturo Alvarez-Moreno and Jorge Alberto Cortés
J. Fungi 2023, 9(7), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9070715 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2318
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging pathogen considered to be critical in the World Health Organization fungal organisms list. The study aims to determine the mortality and hospital stays attributed to Candida auris (C. auris) compared to other Candida species in adult [...] Read more.
Candida auris is an emerging pathogen considered to be critical in the World Health Organization fungal organisms list. The study aims to determine the mortality and hospital stays attributed to Candida auris (C. auris) compared to other Candida species in adult patients with candidemia. A retrospective cohort of adults with candidemia was examined from seven centres in Colombia between 2016 and 2021. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and the secondary outcome was the length of hospital stay among survivors. Adjustment of the confounding variables was performed using inverse probability weights of exposure propensity score (candidemia by C. auris), survival regression models (Weibull distribution), and a counting model (negative binomial distribution). A value of 244 (47.6%) of the 512 patients with candidemia died within the first 30 days. The crude mortality in C. auris was 38.1% vs. 51.1% in Candida non-auris (CNA). In the Weibull model, mortality in the C. auris group was lower (adjusted HR: aHR- 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53–0.90). Antifungal treatment also decreased mortality, with an aHR of 0.36 (95% CI 0.27–0.47), while the presence of septic shock on patient progression increased it, with an aHR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.41–2.13). Among the patients who survived, no differences in the length of hospital stay were observed between the C. auris and the CNA groups, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.68–1.22). Mortality in patients with C. auris bloodstream infections appears lower when adjusted for numerous confounding variables regarding treatment and the presence of septic shock in patient progression. We identified no significant effect of C. auris on the length of hospital stay in surviving patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fungal Infection)
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