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Marine Diatoms from Physiology to Ecology and Biotechnology
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Marine Diatoms from Physiology to Ecology and Biotechnology

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2020) | Viewed by 6807

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Simonetta Pancaldi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: botany; plant biology; plant physiology; microscopy; cell biology; marine ecology; water quality; plant biotechnology; plant environmental stress physiology; abiotic stress tolerance
Dr. Costanza Baldisserotto

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: algae; plant physiology; photosynthesis; microalgae; plant biology; botany; electron microscopy; algae culture; biotechnology; abiotic stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine diatoms are the dominant components of phytoplankton and the major primary producers in the marine environment. Due to their frustule and metabolic plasticity, they are considered a valuable feedstock for organic and inorganic compounds useful for application in several biotechnological fields. Example areas of interest are bioenergy, food and feed supplements production, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications, but also nanotechnology with engineered biosensors, drug delivery systems, solar cells, etc. Diatoms are also used as bio-indicators, for the phytoremediation of heavy metals, for biomitigation processes, and are proposed to contrast emerging contaminants, such as micro- and nanoplastics, too. Moreover, they play a very important role in the biological carbon pump in the oceans. In the perspective of an efficient exploitation of marine diatoms, a better understanding of their basic biology, necessary for the development of cultivation strategies from the lab scale to the large scale, is a crucial matter.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality research papers, short communications, as well as review articles on the recent advances on marine diatoms, with special emphasis on their basic biology, physiology, and ecological role, especially in view of biotechnological applications of their biomass or components.

Dr. Simonetta Pancaldi
Dr. Costanza Baldisserotto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Marine diatoms
  • Cultivation mode
  • Photosynthetic apparatus
  • Silica wall
  • Biotechnological applications
  • Bioactive compounds

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4242 KiB  
Article
Shifts in Diatom Dominance Associated with Seasonal Changes in an Estuarine-Mangrove Phytoplankton Community
by Fareha Hilaluddin, Fatimah Md. Yusoff and Tatsuki Toda
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(7), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070528 - 17 Jul 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3800
Abstract
A study on seasonal phytoplankton abundance and composition in a mangrove estuary, Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), Malaysia, was carried out to determine the phytoplankton structure in this ecosystem, and to identify potential indicators of environmental changes. Phytoplankton samples were collected bimonthly from [...] Read more.
A study on seasonal phytoplankton abundance and composition in a mangrove estuary, Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), Malaysia, was carried out to determine the phytoplankton structure in this ecosystem, and to identify potential indicators of environmental changes. Phytoplankton samples were collected bimonthly from June 2010 to April 2011, to cover both dry (June to October) and wet (November to April) seasons, at four selected sampling sites along the river. Diatoms showed the highest number of species (50 species) from a total of 85 phytoplankton species from 76 genera. Diatoms contributed more than 90% of the total phytoplankton abundance during the dry season (southwest monsoon) and less than 70% during the wet season (northeast monsoon) as dinoflagellates became more abundant during the rainy season. Two diatoms were recorded as dominant species throughout the sampling period; Cyclotella sp. and Skeletonema costatum. Cyclotella sp. formed the most abundant species (62% of total phytoplankton) during the dry period characterized by low nutrients and relatively low turbidity. Skeletonema costatum contributed 93% of the total phytoplankton in October, which marked the end of the dry season and the beginning of the wet season, characterized by strong winds and high waves leading to the upwelling of the water column. Massive blooms of Skeletonema costatum occurred during the upwelling when total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were highest (p < 0.05) throughout the year. The abundance of diatom species during the wet season was more evenly distributed, with most diatom species contributing less than 12% of the total phytoplankton. Autotrophic producers such as diatoms were limited by high turbidity during the northeast monsoon when the rainfall was high. During the wet season, Cyclotella and Skeletonema costatum only contributed 9% and 5% of the total phytoplankton, respectively, as dinoflagellates had more competitive advantage in turbid waters. This study illustrates that some diatom species such as Cyclotella sp. and Skeletonema costatum could be used as indicators of the environmental changes in marine waters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Diatoms from Physiology to Ecology and Biotechnology)
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12 pages, 1825 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Halamphora coffeaeformis Growth and Biochemical Composition for Aquaculture Purposes
by Paola G. Scodelaro Bilbao, Lucas A. Martín, Cecilia A. Popovich, María Delfina Almeyda, Verónica Chamorro and Patricia I. Leonardi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(4), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040282 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2560
Abstract
The vast majority of the world’s fishery by-products are utilized in the fish farming industry. However, due to the high cost and unsustainability of these by-products, alternative sources must be found. Marine diatoms produce important amounts of fatty acids, sterols, proteins and carbohydrates. [...] Read more.
The vast majority of the world’s fishery by-products are utilized in the fish farming industry. However, due to the high cost and unsustainability of these by-products, alternative sources must be found. Marine diatoms produce important amounts of fatty acids, sterols, proteins and carbohydrates. In this work, we assessed the nutritional value of Halamphora coffeaeformis at the exponential growth phase, to determine its suitability for aquafeed. The strain was grown in a photobioreactor at 20 °C for 6 days. The production of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates was determined, and essential fatty acid, sterol and amino acid composition was assessed. The highest values of triacylglycerides (TAG), free and esterified sterols, proteins and carbohydrates were found after 6 days of growth in the photobioreactor. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography showed the presence of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and arachidonic (ARA) in amounts similar to those for fish oils. In terms of sterols, a predominance of stigmasterol was observed, followed by cholesterol. The amino acid composition revealed 50% of them to be among those essential for fish and other aquatic animals. Finally, a suitable amount of carbohydrates was found in H. coffeaeformis cultures. Together, these findings support the use of H. coffeaeformis as an alternative and sustainable source for aquafeed to partially replace the use of fishery by-products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Diatoms from Physiology to Ecology and Biotechnology)
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