Movable Coastal Structures and Flood Protection

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Coastal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 September 2025 | Viewed by 2185

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Utrecht, The Netherlands
2. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: storm surge barriers; movable hydraulic structures; climate and flood risk management; life cycle management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The flood protection of many low-lying deltas critically hinges on coastal structures such as storm surge barriers, discharge sluices and pumping stations. With sea level rise and climate change, this dependence will further grow as extreme hydraulic loads will increase in frequency and severity.

In the case of operable structures, it is not always the highest extremes that threaten their functioning the most. The combination of a failed operation with a mild extreme or compound event also has the potential to cause hazardous floods. For example, in the case of a severe storm surge that necessitates the closure of a storm surge barrier, the same storm may also cause the mechanical drive system or power supply to malfunction. Another interesting example is a prolonged period of time of high water, which can seriously reduce or even nullify the capacity of pumping stations and discharge sluices. Together with high river discharge or excessive rainfall, this may also lead to severe flooding from inland.

In the assessment and design of coastal flood protection, it is of utmost importance to also consider compound events and their interaction with operational and structural reliability. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to collate a set of studies that help to better understand how compound events may lead to the failure of operable coastal flood protection, as well as those that develop methods to assess associated flood risk.

Dr. Alexander M.R. Bakker
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • compound events
  • operational reliability
  • storm surge barriers
  • flood protection
  • flood risk
  • critical coastal structures
  • extremes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 9217 KiB  
Article
A Shoreline Screening Framework for Identifying Nature-Based Stabilization Measures Reducing Storm Damage in the Florida Keys
by Diana Mitsova, Kevin Cresswell, Chris Bergh, Melina Matos, Stephanie Wakefield, Kathleen Freeman and Willian Carlos Lima
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(3), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030543 - 12 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 691
Abstract
With elevations mostly less than 2 m, the Florida Keys, an island chain stretching nearly two hundred kilometers from Biscayne Bay to Key West, Florida, is among the most vulnerable coastal regions globally. As the threats from tropical cyclones, storm surges, and sea [...] Read more.
With elevations mostly less than 2 m, the Florida Keys, an island chain stretching nearly two hundred kilometers from Biscayne Bay to Key West, Florida, is among the most vulnerable coastal regions globally. As the threats from tropical cyclones, storm surges, and sea level rise intensify, urbanized areas increasingly rely on shoreline armoring, disregarding the negative effects on coastal habitats. Living shorelines, which integrate coastal vegetation to stabilize erodible shoreline segments or enhance existing grey infrastructure, have successfully addressed some of these challenges. We present a decision framework for evaluating the suitability of different stabilization methods for existing shoreline conditions. The framework incorporates a Shoreline Relative Exposure Index (SREI) based on shoreline orientation, wind and wave exposure, shoreline slope, bathymetry, nearshore habitat, and storm surge. To refine this framework, we conducted an expert opinion survey to determine parameter weights. The results will inform decisions on using vegetated shorelines alone or with structural elements to reduce wave action, control erosion, and protect Florida Keys communities from storm damage. Implementing innovative shoreline stabilization methods is crucial as climate change and population growth are expected to exacerbate flood management challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Movable Coastal Structures and Flood Protection)
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19 pages, 2112 KiB  
Article
Storm Surge Clusters, Multi-Peak Storms and Their Effect on the Performance of the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier (The Netherlands)
by Alexander M. R. Bakker, Dion L. T. Rovers and Leslie F. Mooyaart
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(2), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13020298 - 6 Feb 2025
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Storm surge barriers are crucial for the flood protection of the Netherlands and other deltas. In the Netherlands, the reliability of flood defenses is typically assessed based on extreme water levels and wave height statistics. Yet, in the case of operated flood defenses, [...] Read more.
Storm surge barriers are crucial for the flood protection of the Netherlands and other deltas. In the Netherlands, the reliability of flood defenses is typically assessed based on extreme water levels and wave height statistics. Yet, in the case of operated flood defenses, such as storm surge barriers, the temporal clustering of successive events may be just as important. This study investigates the evolution and associated flood risk of clusters of successive storm tide peaks at the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier in the Netherlands. Two mechanisms are considered. Multi-peak storm surge events, as a consequence of tidal movement on top of the surge, are studied by means of stochastic storm tide events. Clusters of storm tides resulting from different, but related storms are investigated by means of time series analysis of a long sea-level record. We conclude that the tendency of extreme storm tide peaks to cluster is especially related to the seasonality in storm activity. In the current situation, the occurrence of clusters of storm tide peaks have only a minor influence of the flood risk in the area behind the Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier. We envision, however, that this influence is likely to increase with sea-level rise. The numbers are, however, uncertain due to the strong sensitivity to assumptions, model choices and the applied data set. More insight into the statistics of the time evolution of extreme sea water levels is needed to better understand and ultimately to reduce these uncertainties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Movable Coastal Structures and Flood Protection)
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