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Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II
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Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 15234

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anderson de Oliveira Lobo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
Interests: biomaterials; tissue engineering; biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo assays polymers; bioceramics; metal alloys; spinning techniques; plasma etching; atomic layer deposition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that involves the use of a tissue scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose. With the development of nanotechnology, surface modification technology, and composite synthesis technology, our ability to control scaffolding materials has improved and become more precise. Research on mimic extracellular matrices (ECM) and the formation of artificial extracellular matrices which are suitable for tissue formation has become a hotspot.

Due to the high surface to volume ratio and similar structural morphology to fibrillate ECM, fibrous scaffolds are believed to enhance cell adhesion, which is very critically important for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue focusing on materials, processing techniques, computer modeling, and simulation and in vitro/in vivo applications of fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Anderson de Oliveira Lobo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomimetic structures
  • extracellular matrices
  • spinning techniques
  • microfiber
  • nanofiber
  • mimicking geometries

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3451 KiB  
Article
Hydrogel Based on Nanoclay and Gelatin Methacrylate Polymeric Matrix as a Potential Osteogenic Application
by Danielle B. Andrade, Leticya L. S. Soares, Francisca L. A. Cardoso, Idglan S. Lima, Jhaemely G. V. Silva, Maria A. M. Carvalho, Maria G. Fonseca, Guilherme de C. Brito, Francisco Eroni P. Santos, Josy A. Osajima, Anderson O. Lobo and Edson C. Silva-Filho
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(2), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020074 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2017
Abstract
A nanocomposite hydrogel has potentially applicability in the induction of osteogenesis. The hydrogel was synthesized using 1% gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), a biodegradable and bioactive polymer containing the structure of gelatin, denatured collagen derived from the extracellular bone matrix, and 6% laponite (Lap), a [...] Read more.
A nanocomposite hydrogel has potentially applicability in the induction of osteogenesis. The hydrogel was synthesized using 1% gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), a biodegradable and bioactive polymer containing the structure of gelatin, denatured collagen derived from the extracellular bone matrix, and 6% laponite (Lap), a synthetic phyllosilicate of nanosized particles. Initially, 0.6 g of Lap was added to deionized water, and then a solution of GelMA/Igarcure was added under stirring and UV light for crosslinking. The spectra in the Fourier-transform infrared region showed bands that indicate the interaction between gelatin and methacrylate anhydride. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the presence of Lap and GelMA in the hydrogel. The thermogravimetric analysis suggested an increase in the thermal stability of the hydrogel with the presence of clay mineral. Rheological analysis showed that the hydrogel had a viscosity that allowed its injectability. The hydrogel did not show acute toxicity at any of the concentrations tested according to the Artemia salina lethality test. It showed cell viability more significant than 80% in the MTT test, which makes it suitable for in vivo osteogenic induction tests. The cell differentiation test showed the differentiation of stem cells into osteogenic cells. It indicates a material with the potential for osteogenic induction and possible application in bone tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II)
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25 pages, 10502 KiB  
Article
PVA-Based Nanofibers Containing Chitosan Modified with Graphene Oxide and Carbon Quantum Dot-Doped TiO2 Enhance Wound Healing in a Rat Model
by Fatemeh Norouzi, Mehrab Pourmadadi, Fatemeh Yazdian, Keyvan Khoshmaram, Javad Mohammadnejad, Mohammad Hossein Sanati, Faraz Chogan, Abbas Rahdar and Francesco Baino
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040300 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 2853
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibrous constructs based on nanoparticles and biopolymers have recently been used in tissue engineering because of their similarity to the extracellular matrix in nature. In this study, electrospun chitosan-carbon quantum dot-titanium dioxide-graphene oxide (CS-CQD-TiO2-GO) nanofibrous mats were synthesized for use [...] Read more.
Electrospun nanofibrous constructs based on nanoparticles and biopolymers have recently been used in tissue engineering because of their similarity to the extracellular matrix in nature. In this study, electrospun chitosan-carbon quantum dot-titanium dioxide-graphene oxide (CS-CQD-TiO2-GO) nanofibrous mats were synthesized for use as wound dressings by the electrospinning method. To increase the biodegradation rate and water resistance, the fabricated nanofibrous mats were cross-linked. SEM images showed a uniform and coherent structure of CS-CQD-TiO2-GO nanocomposites and CS-CQD-TiO2-GO electrospun nanofibers mats. FTIR analysis, XRD pattern, SEM mapping, and EDS spectrum demonstrate the accuracy of the synthesis as well as the elemental and chemical structure of the nanofibrous mat. The water contact angle indicated that the nanofibrous mat had a hydrophilic property, which is essential for controlling wound exudates. The tensile strength and elongation tests showed that the nanofibrous mat has suitable mechanical properties for wound dressing, including significant flexibility and strength. Interestingly, antimicrobial testing illustrated that the fabricated nanofibrous mat had antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Appropriate cell viability and cytocompatibility of treated mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells with the nanofibrous mat were determined using an MTT assay. The animal study results confirmed the proper potential of the nanofibrous mat in wound dressing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II)
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23 pages, 9726 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Three Approaches to Fibre’s Surface Functionalization
by Judyta Dulnik, Oliwia Jeznach and Paweł Sajkiewicz
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040272 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1415
Abstract
Polyester-based scaffolds are of research interest for the regeneration of a wide spectrum of tissues. However, there is a need to improve scaffold wettability and introduce bioactivity. Surface modification is a widely studied approach for improving scaffold performance and maintaining appropriate bulk properties. [...] Read more.
Polyester-based scaffolds are of research interest for the regeneration of a wide spectrum of tissues. However, there is a need to improve scaffold wettability and introduce bioactivity. Surface modification is a widely studied approach for improving scaffold performance and maintaining appropriate bulk properties. In this study, three methods to functionalize the surface of the poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) PLCL fibres using gelatin immobilisation were compared. Hydrolysis, oxygen plasma treatment, and aminolysis were chosen as activation methods to introduce carboxyl (-COOH) and amino (-NH2) functional groups on the surface before gelatin immobilisation. To covalently attach the gelatin, carbodiimide coupling was chosen for hydrolysed and plasma-treated materials, and glutaraldehyde crosslinking was used in the case of the aminolysed samples. Materials after physical entrapment of gelatin and immobilisation using carbodiimide coupling without previous activation were prepared as controls. The difference in gelatin amount on the surface, impact on the fibres morphology, molecular weight, and mechanical properties were observed depending on the type of modification and applied parameters of activation. It was shown that hydrolysis influences the surface of the material the most, whereas plasma treatment and aminolysis have an effect on the whole volume of the material. Despite this difference, bulk mechanical properties were affected for all the approaches. All materials were completely hydrophilic after functionalization. Cytotoxicity was not recognized for any of the samples. Gelatin immobilisation resulted in improved L929 cell morphology with the best effect for samples activated with hydrolysis and plasma treatment. Our study indicates that the use of any surface activation method should be limited to the lowest concentration/reaction time that enables subsequent satisfactory functionalization and the decision should be based on a specific function that the final scaffold material has to perform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II)
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12 pages, 2492 KiB  
Article
Effect on Cellular Vitality In Vitro of Novel APRF-Chlorhexidine Treated Membranes
by Tasho Gavrailov, Ivan Chenchev, Maria Gevezova, Milena Draganova and Victoria Sarafian
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040226 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1400
Abstract
Introduction: Chlorhexidine (CHX) has been used for some time in clinical practice as a local antiseptic agent with excellent efficacy. The combination of CHX with APRF (Advanced-platelet rich fibrin) membrane has the potential to stimulate tissue regeneration and to provide a bactericidal effect. [...] Read more.
Introduction: Chlorhexidine (CHX) has been used for some time in clinical practice as a local antiseptic agent with excellent efficacy. The combination of CHX with APRF (Advanced-platelet rich fibrin) membrane has the potential to stimulate tissue regeneration and to provide a bactericidal effect. We hypothesize that this may reduce the rate of infections development and protect cell viability. Aim: The aim of this study was two-fold—to create a stable APRF membrane treated with different concentrations of CHX (0.01% and 0.02%) and to monitor its effect on the viability of PDL cells in vitro. This benefits the introduction of a new protocol for APRF membrane production -CHX-PRF and enriches the available evidence on the effect of this antiseptic agent on PDL (Periodontal ligament) cells. Materials and methods: APRF membranes were prepared by the addition of two concentrations (0.01% and 0.02%) of CHX. Membranes without the antiseptic were also prepared and used as control samples. PDL cells were cultivated on the membranes for 72 h. Cell number and vitality were examined by fluorescent cell viability assays. Results: Our results demonstrated that a concentration of 0.01% CHX allowed the production of a stable APRF membrane. This concentration slightly reduced the viability of PDL cells to 96.7%, but significantly decreased the average number of cells attached to the membrane—149 ± 16.5 cells/field compared to controls −336 ± 26.9 cells/field. APRF-CHX 0.02% membranes were unstable, indicating a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of CHX. Conclusions: The introduced novel protocol leads to the production of a new type of APRF membrane—CHX-PRF. The incorporation of an antiseptic into the APRF membrane can improve its bactericidal activity and might serve as an important step for the prevention of postoperative infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II)
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12 pages, 4046 KiB  
Article
Influence of γ-Radiation on Mechanical Stability to Cyclic Loads Tubular Elastic Matrix of the Aorta
by Alexander Yu. Gorodkov, Yuriy M. Tsygankov, Alexey D. Shepelev, Sergey V. Krasheninnikov, Shota T. Zhorzholiani, Andrey V. Agafonov, Vissarion G. Mamagulashvili, Dmitriy V. Savinov, Timur Kh. Tenchurin and Sergey N. Chvalun
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040192 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1137
Abstract
A significant drawback of the rigid synthetic vascular prostheses used in the clinic is the mechanical mismatch between the implant and the prosthetic vessel. When placing prostheses with radial elasticity, in which this deficiency is compensated, the integration of the graft occurs more [...] Read more.
A significant drawback of the rigid synthetic vascular prostheses used in the clinic is the mechanical mismatch between the implant and the prosthetic vessel. When placing prostheses with radial elasticity, in which this deficiency is compensated, the integration of the graft occurs more favorably, so that signs of cell differentiation appear in the prosthesis capsule, which contributes to the restoration of vascular tone and the possibility of vasomotor reactions. Aortic prostheses fabricated by electrospinning from a blend of copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with hexafluoropropylene (VDF/HFP) had a biomechanical behavior comparable to the native aorta. In the present study, to ensure mechanical stability in the conditions of a living organism, the fabricated blood vessel prostheses (BVP) were cross-linked with γ-radiation. An optimal absorbed dose of 0.3 MGy was determined. The obtained samples were implanted into the infrarenal aorta of laboratory animals—Landrace pigs. Histological studies have shown that the connective capsule that forms around the prosthesis has signs of high tissue organization. This is evidenced by the cells of the fibroblast series located in layers oriented along and across the prosthesis, similar to the orientation of cells in a biological arterial vessel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II)
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16 pages, 12456 KiB  
Article
Catalyst-Free Click Chemistry for Engineering Chondroitin Sulfate-Multiarmed PEG Hydrogels for Skin Tissue Engineering
by Gustavo F. Sousa, Samson Afewerki, Dalton Dittz, Francisco E. P. Santos, Daniele O. Gontijo, Sérgio R. A. Scalzo, Ana L. C. Santos, Lays C. Guimaraes, Ester M. Pereira, Luciola S. Barcelos, Semiramis J. H. Do Monte, Pedro P. G. Guimaraes, Fernanda R. Marciano and Anderson O. Lobo
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020045 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3403
Abstract
The quest for an ideal biomaterial perfectly matching the microenvironment of the surrounding tissues and cells is an endless challenge within biomedical research, in addition to integrating this with a facile and sustainable technology for its preparation. Engineering hydrogels through click chemistry would [...] Read more.
The quest for an ideal biomaterial perfectly matching the microenvironment of the surrounding tissues and cells is an endless challenge within biomedical research, in addition to integrating this with a facile and sustainable technology for its preparation. Engineering hydrogels through click chemistry would promote the sustainable invention of tailor-made hydrogels. Herein, we disclose a versatile and facile catalyst-free click chemistry for the generation of an innovative hydrogel by combining chondroitin sulfate (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Various multi-armed PEG-Norbornene (A-PEG-N) with different molecular sizes were investigated to generate crosslinked copolymers with tunable rheological and mechanical properties. The crosslinked and mechanically stable porous hydrogels could be generated by simply mixing the two clickable Tetrazine-CS (TCS) and A-PEG-N components, generating a self-standing hydrogel within minutes. The leading candidate (TCS-8A-PEG-N (40 kD)), based on the mechanical and biocompatibility results, was further employed as a scaffold to improve wound closure and blood flow in vivo. The hydrogel demonstrated not only enhanced blood perfusion and an increased number of blood vessels, but also desirable fibrous matrix orientation and normal collagen deposition. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of the hydrogel to improve wound repair and hold promise for in situ skin tissue engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II)
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Review

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20 pages, 1485 KiB  
Review
The Use of Lactide Polymers in Bone Tissue Regeneration in Dentistry—A Systematic Review
by Justyna Rajewska, Jakub Kowalski, Jacek Matys, Maciej Dobrzyński and Rafal J. Wiglusz
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(2), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020083 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
(1) Background: Different compositions of biodegradable materials are being investigated to successfully replace non-resorbable ones in bone tissue regeneration in dental surgery. The systematic review tried to address the question, “Can biodegradable polymers act as a replacement for conventional materials in dental surgery [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Different compositions of biodegradable materials are being investigated to successfully replace non-resorbable ones in bone tissue regeneration in dental surgery. The systematic review tried to address the question, “Can biodegradable polymers act as a replacement for conventional materials in dental surgery procedures?” (2) Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted in October 2022. The following keywords were used: (lactide polymers) and (hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite) and (dentistry) and (regeneration). Initially, 59 studies were found. Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. (3) Results: These usually improved the properties and induced osteogenesis, tissue mineralisation and bone regeneration by inducing osteoblast proliferation. Five studies showed higher induction of osteogenesis in the case of biomaterials, UV-HAp/PLLA, ALBO-OS, bioresorbable raw particulate hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactide and PLGA/Hap, compared to conventional materials such as titanium. Four studies confirmed improvement in tissue mineralisation with the usage of biomaterials: hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid (HA/PLA) loaded with dog’s dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), Coll/HAp/PLCL, PDLLA/VACNT-O:nHAp, incorporation of hydroxyapatite and simvastatin. Three studies showed an acceleration in proliferation of osteoblasts for the use of biomaterials with additional factors such as collagen and UV light. (4) Conclusions: Lactide polymers present higher osteointegration and cell proliferation rate than the materials compared. They are superior to non-biodegradable materials in terms of the biocompability, bone remodelling and healing time tests. Moreover, because there is no need of reoperation, as the material automatically degrades, the chance of scars and skin sclerosis is lower. However, more studies involving greater numbers of biomaterial types and mixes need to be performed in order to find a perfect biodegradable material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application II)
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