Risk Factors and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases—Second Edition

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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Principles of Physical Activity, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Paderewskiego 35, P-2 Building, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: general cardiology; electrocardiography; prevention; cardiovascular risk factors; environmental risk factors, sports medicine; sports cardiology, regeneration and recovery methods
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the 21st century, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading causes of premature mortality and morbidity worldwide. This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art regarding classical and novel cardiovascular risk factors. The classical factors, which have been known from the time of the Framingham study and the INTERHEART and INTERSTROKE studies, account for >90% of the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Based on these results, current strategies for the prevention of coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases focus mainly on reducing body weight, blood LDL cholesterol concentration, and blood pressure. However, our knowledge is still growing, and a significant amount of novel data has been gathered. Some classical solutions have been criticized; simultaneously, new concepts have arisen, including concerns about environmental and occupational factors, pollution, and the contamination of food with the preservatives and chemical substances that accompany everyday life. These issues and numerous others regarding mental health, different aspects of physical activity, and individual choices, including diet, may contribute to the complex background of the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Due to strong interest in current topic in the first edition of this Special Issue, we will continue to collect related research papers that consolidate our understanding in this area. Potential topics include the following research areas:

Cardiovascular classical risk factors;

Novel cardiovascular risk factors;

Environmental cardiovascular risk factors;

Occupational cardiovascular risk factors;

Prevention of cardiovascular risk factors;

Novel trends in cardiovascular risk factors.

We hope that you will contribute your work for publication in this Special Issue of JCDD.

Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Poręba
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular diseases
  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • smoking
  • hypertension
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • lipids
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • overweight
  • diet
  • occupational factors

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Review

11 pages, 421 KiB  
Review
Brief Review: Racial Disparities in the Presentation and Outcomes of Patients with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
by Nora Bacour, Rutger T. Theijsse, Simran Grewal, Robert J. M. Klautz and Nimrat Grewal
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(4), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12040140 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 178
Abstract
(1) Background: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) pose critical health risks and are often asymptomatic until a rupture or dissection occurs. Guidelines recommend surgical repair based on specific aortic diameters and risk factors, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention. Despite established clinical [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) pose critical health risks and are often asymptomatic until a rupture or dissection occurs. Guidelines recommend surgical repair based on specific aortic diameters and risk factors, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention. Despite established clinical risk factors for the early detection of TAAs, the influence of racial disparities on TAAs remains underexplored. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing research on racial disparities in the presentation and outcomes of TAAs. (2) Methods: This literature review was conducted using a systematic search strategy to explore racial differences in the presentation and surgical outcomes of patients with TAAs. (3) Results: The findings demonstrated that black patients were younger at presentation and had a higher incidence of ruptured TAAs than non-black patients. Furthermore, compared to non-black patients, black patients had higher rates of cardiac arrhythmia and COPD, as well as comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. For black patients undergoing open surgery, the surgical results showed improved 5-year survival rates after repair but higher perioperative mortality rates. All-cause or in-hospital mortality did not significantly differ between the racial groups, according to four studies. (4) Discussion: This review highlights significant racial disparities in TAA presentation and outcomes, underscoring the need for personalized risk stratification models. Standardized racial and ethnic definitions are essential for consistent and reliable research. Future studies should focus on identifying the underlying mechanisms driving racial disparities and on refining risk assessment models to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes across diverse populations. Full article
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