Extended Reality and Its Applications

A special issue of Information (ISSN 2078-2489). This special issue belongs to the section "Information and Communications Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 5476

Special Issue Editor

Department of Computer Science, BTH—Blekinge Institute of Technology, 37141 Karlskrona, Sweden
Interests: human–computer interaction; extended reality; e-health; serious games; game addiction; biometric research in user behaviors and interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extended Reality (XR) is an umbrella term for all the technologies that add virtual elements to the real-world environment to any extent. It includes Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR), and anything in between. VR is a three-dimensional, computer-simulated virtual environment that can be explored and interacted with across 360 degrees. AR is characterized by the real-time use of digital elements in a real-world environment. MR is an interactive environment that combines a computer-simulated environment with a real-world environment. XR has been applied in various fields, including healthcare, education, training, gaming, entertainment and so on.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of a wide range of research papers related to XR, ranging from innovative techniques and applications to comprehensive reviews on the application of XR in various domains. We are seeking original, high-quality submissions related to topics such as extended reality (including virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, etc.), the metaverse, and their applications.

Dr. Yan Hu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extended reality
  • virtual reality
  • augmented reality
  • mixed reality

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3053 KB  
Article
Are We Ready for Synchronous Conceptual Modeling in Augmented Reality? A Usability Study on Causal Maps with HoloLens 2
by Anish Shrestha and Philippe J. Giabbanelli
Information 2025, 16(11), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16110952 - 3 Nov 2025
Viewed by 618
Abstract
(1) Background: Participatory modeling requires combining individual views to create a shared conceptual model. While remote collaboration tools have enabled synchronous online modeling, they are limited to desktop settings. Augmented reality (AR) offers a new approach by potentially providing the sense of presence [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Participatory modeling requires combining individual views to create a shared conceptual model. While remote collaboration tools have enabled synchronous online modeling, they are limited to desktop settings. Augmented reality (AR) offers a new approach by potentially providing the sense of presence found in physical collaboration, which may better support participants in achieving the sense of presence found in physical locations, thus supporting them in negotiating meaning and building a shared model. (2) Methods: Building on prior works that developed technology, we performed a usability study with pairs of modelers to examine their ability at performing key conceptual modeling tasks (e.g., merging or deleting concepts) in AR. Our study pays particular attention to the time spent on these tasks and distinguishes how long it takes to perform the action (as enabled by the technology) from how long the participants discussed the action (e.g., to jointly decide whether a new concept should be created). (3) Results: Users completed every task and rated the usability from 3.68 (creating an edge) to 4.37 (finding a node) on a scale from 1 (very difficult) to 5 (very easy). (4) Conclusions: Low familiarity with AR and high time per task limits adoption for conceptual modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extended Reality and Its Applications)
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12 pages, 3315 KB  
Article
NeRF-RE: An Improved Neural Radiance Field Model Based on Object Removal and Efficient Reconstruction
by Ziyang Li, Yongjian Huai, Qingkuo Meng and Shiquan Dong
Information 2025, 16(8), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080654 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 2302
Abstract
High-quality green gardens can markedly enhance the quality of life and mental well-being of their users. However, health and lifestyle constraints make it difficult for people to enjoy urban gardens, and traditional methods struggle to offer the high-fidelity experiences they need. This study [...] Read more.
High-quality green gardens can markedly enhance the quality of life and mental well-being of their users. However, health and lifestyle constraints make it difficult for people to enjoy urban gardens, and traditional methods struggle to offer the high-fidelity experiences they need. This study introduces a 3D scene reconstruction and rendering strategy based on implicit neural representation through the efficient and removable neural radiation fields model (NeRF-RE). Leveraging neural radiance fields (NeRF), the model incorporates a multi-resolution hash grid and proposal network to improve training efficiency and modeling accuracy, while integrating a segment-anything model to safeguard public privacy. Take the crabapple tree, extensively utilized in urban garden design across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. A dataset comprising 660 images of crabapple trees exhibiting three distinct geometric forms is collected to assess the NeRF-RE model’s performance. The results demonstrated that the ‘harvest gold’ crabapple scene had the highest reconstruction accuracy, with PSNR, LPIPS and SSIM of 24.80 dB, 0.34 and 0.74, respectively. Compared to the Mip-NeRF 360 model, the NeRF-RE model not only showed an up to 21-fold increase in training efficiency for three types of crabapple trees, but also exhibited a less pronounced impact of dataset size on reconstruction accuracy. This study reconstructs real scenes with high fidelity using virtual reality technology. It not only facilitates people’s personal enjoyment of the beauty of natural gardens at home, but also makes certain contributions to the publicity and promotion of urban landscapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extended Reality and Its Applications)
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19 pages, 546 KB  
Article
Antecedents and Consequences of Flow Experience in Virtual Reality Tourism: A Path Analysis of Visit Intention
by Lei Zhou, Huaqing Zhou, Xiaotang Cui and Jing Zhao
Information 2025, 16(6), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16060484 - 11 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1978
Abstract
This study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying virtual reality (VR) tourism experiences through an integrated theoretical framework centered on flow experience and visit destination intention. Drawing upon flow theory, the research investigates how interactivity, perceived vividness, and telepresence influence flow experience and subsequently [...] Read more.
This study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying virtual reality (VR) tourism experiences through an integrated theoretical framework centered on flow experience and visit destination intention. Drawing upon flow theory, the research investigates how interactivity, perceived vividness, and telepresence influence flow experience and subsequently affect hedonic motivation and perceived visual appeal in VR tourism contexts. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis of data collected from 255 VR tourism users across major Chinese metropolitan centers, the study reveals that perceived vividness and telepresence significantly impact flow experience, while interactivity shows no significant effect. Flow experience demonstrates significant positive relationships with hedonic motivation and perceived visual appeal. Furthermore, hedonic motivation and perceived visual appeal significantly positively affect visit destination intention. The findings advance the theoretical understanding of VR tourism by illuminating the psychological pathways through which technological characteristics influence behavioral intentions. These results offer practical implications for destination marketers and VR tourism developers in designing more effective virtual experiences that enhance destination visit intentions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extended Reality and Its Applications)
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