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Regulation of Plant Immunity
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Regulation of Plant Immunity

A special issue of International Journal of Plant Biology (ISSN 2037-0164). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 9717

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Svetlana V. Veselova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia
Interests: plant-microbe interaction; host-pathogen interaction; endophytes; biological control; plant defense priming; phytohormones; redox status; systemic acquired resistance (SAR); induced systemic resistance (ISR); pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonina V. Sorokan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia
Interests: plant–microbe interaction; plant-insects interaction; endophytes; biological control; plant defense priming; redox status; systemic acquired resistance (SAR); induced systemic resistance (ISR); pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins; plant biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During their growth and development, plants are often exposed to a wide range of pathogens and pests, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, and insect pests. To fight pathogens and pests, plants have evolved a complex, multi-stage immune system. The first line of plant protection is the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), which leads to the perception of PAMP, DAMP, HAMP, VAMP (pathogen-, damage-, herbivorous-, and virus-associated molecular patterns, respectively) using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). However, pathogens and pests can suppress PTI using effectors. The second line of defense, effector-triggered immunity (ETI), develops when effectors are recognized by products of effector-specific resistance genes (NB-LRR proteins). The development of PTI and ETI induces multiple cellular responses and the activation of signaling (activation of the cascade of calcium-dependent or mitogen-activated protein kinases) and phytohormonal pathways, which subsequently leads to transcriptome and proteome reprogramming. Phytohormones play a key regulatory role in these primary immune responses. Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene constitute the central regulatory network of plant immunity and interact with other phytohormones, forming a complex signaling network with many cross-talks. In turn, pathogens, viruses, and insect pests have evolved the ability to manipulate or disrupt plant phytohormone signaling pathways to their advantage through an arsenal of secreted effector proteins. In this battle, the mechanism of RNA interference occupies an important place.

It is also impossible to study the relationship of plants with harmful organisms without the participation of the plant microbiome and its constituent endophytic and epiphytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), which support growth and protect the macro-organism from abiotic and biotic stresses. PGPB can directly regulate the abundance of harmful organisms, as well as affect the defense systems of the plant itself, triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR).

This Special Issue on “Regulation of Plant Immunity” welcomes original research and review articles that present the latest advances in the mechanisms of regulation of plant immunity. We also focus, among other things, on effector biology as a new direction in phytopathology. New molecular approaches or tools (including the mechanism of RNA interference) to study plant–pathogen interactions are also welcome.

Dr. Svetlana V. Veselova
Dr. Antonina V. Sorokan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Plant Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)
  • effector-triggered immunity (ETI)
  • PAMPs/MAMPs/DAMPs/HAMPs/VAMPs (pathogen/microbe/damage/herbivorous/virus-associated molecular patterns)
  • effectors
  • effector biology
  • phytohormones
  • phytohormonal cross-talk
  • signaling pathways
  • systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
  • RNA interference
  • host–pathogen interaction
  • plant–microbe interaction
  • plant–insect interaction
  • hypersensitive response/programmed cell death (PCD)
  • plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB)
  • endophytes
  • PGPB molecular patterns
  • induced systemic resistance (ISR)
  • plant defense
  • biological control

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 2211 KiB  
Article
Nonhost Resistance of Thinopyrum ponticum to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and the Effects of the Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 Genes Introgressed to Wheat
by Lyudmila Plotnikova, Valeria Knaub and Violetta Pozherukova
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(2), 435-457; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020034 - 1 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2194
Abstract
The damage to wheat crops by stem rust poses a threat to the food security of the world’s population. The species Thinopyrum ponticum (Podpěra, 1902) (Z.-W. Liu and R.-C. Wang, 1993) is a non-host for the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. [...] Read more.
The damage to wheat crops by stem rust poses a threat to the food security of the world’s population. The species Thinopyrum ponticum (Podpěra, 1902) (Z.-W. Liu and R.-C. Wang, 1993) is a non-host for the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn. (Pgt). The Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes, transferred from the Th. ponticum to the wheat gene pool, protect cultivars from the disease in different regions of the world. The study of the non-host resistance (NHR) of Th. ponticum and the effects of the introgressed Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes in wheat is important for breeding cultivars with durable resistance to stem rust. The aim of the research is to study the interaction of Pgt with Th. ponticum and common wheat lines with the Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes, in addition to determining the role of ROS in resistance. Wheat lines with Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 were resistant to the West Siberian Pgt population. Using cytological methods, it was found that the NHR of Th. ponticum and Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 led to inhibition of the most inoculumdevelopment on the plant surface. This was mainly due to the suppression of the appressoria development and their death at the stage of penetration into the stomata. Upon contact of Pgt appressoria with stomatal guard cells, the generation of the superoxide anion O2•− was revealed. This interaction is similar to the stomatal immunity of Arabidopsis thaliana to non-pathogenic bacteria. The results of our studies show that the Sr24, Sr25, and Sr26 genes reproduce the action of some NHR mechanisms in wheat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Plant Immunity)
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10 pages, 2295 KiB  
Article
Activity of Hydrolases and Their Inhibitors in Potato Plants Treated with Bacillus subtilis, Salicylic, and Jasmonic Acids and Affected by the Combined Effect of the Late Blight and the Lack of Moisture
by Vyacheslav Tsvetkov, Liubov Yarullina, Antonina Sorokan, Vilena Khabibullina and Ildar Mardanshin
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(2), 329-338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020027 - 29 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1804
Abstract
The effect of Bacillus subtilis in combination with salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids on the activity of amylases, cellulases, proteases, and their inhibitors in potato leaves in connection with the development of resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in conditions of [...] Read more.
The effect of Bacillus subtilis in combination with salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids on the activity of amylases, cellulases, proteases, and their inhibitors in potato leaves in connection with the development of resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in conditions of moisture deficiency have been investigated. Plants grown from microtubers were treated with Bacillus subtilis suspension (108 cells/mL) and with a mixture of bacteria with SA (10−6 M), JA (10−7 M), and SA + JA and were then infected with P. infestans (107 spores/mL) and cultivated under drought. Treatment with B. subtilis bacteria, especially in combination with signaling molecules, contributed to a decrease in the degree of pathogen infestation on plants grown with a lack of moisture. Both salicylate and jasmonate signaling pathways play an important role in the regulation of hydrolase activity and the stimulation of plant resistance. The revealed differences in the degree of hydrolase inhibitors activation under the influence of B. subtilis bacteria and signal molecules suggest different paths to the formation of resistance to P. infestans in potato under drought conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Plant Immunity)
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17 pages, 3070 KiB  
Article
Increasing Potato Sustainability to PVY under Water Deficiency by Bacillus Bacteria with Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate
by Joanna N. Kalatskaja, Natallia V. Baliuk, Katsiaryna I. Rybinskaya, Kanstantsin M. Herasimovich, Ninel A. Yalouskaya, Lubov G. Yarullina and Vyacheslav O. Tsvetkov
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(1), 312-328; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14010026 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2615
Abstract
The protective effect of Bacillus bacteria against viruses can be significantly expanded by combination with salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJ). In soil water deficiency conditions, potato leaves were sprayed with Bacillus subtilis strain 47 combined with MeJ and MeJ + SA [...] Read more.
The protective effect of Bacillus bacteria against viruses can be significantly expanded by combination with salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJ). In soil water deficiency conditions, potato leaves were sprayed with Bacillus subtilis strain 47 combined with MeJ and MeJ + SA displayed a decrease in PVY and preservation of the shoot’s growth. Signaling molecules with Bacillus subtilis mitigated the adverse effect of PVY under water deficiency by manipulating enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidant levels and activity in treated plants. The application mixtures increased the mass and number of mini-tubers during the microclonal propagation of plants. Treatment with bacteria in combination with signaling molecules significantly changed the content and phosphorylation status of a number of hydrolases, catalase, phosphorylase, annexin, and protease inhibitor. Based on the analysis of changes in the proteome, the key mechanisms mediating the induction of plant resistance to change in the tuber proteome aimed at enhancing the expression of protective protein genes that increase resistance to pathogens and abiotic stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Plant Immunity)
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11 pages, 953 KiB  
Article
Influence of Microbial Preparations on Triticum aestivum L. Grain Quality
by Lyudmila Chaikovskaya, Nina Iakusheva, Olga Ovsienko, Lyudmila Radchenko, Vladimir Pashtetskiy and Marina Baranskaya
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2022, 13(4), 535-545; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb13040043 - 14 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
Gluten, protein and amino acid composition play an important role in grain quality assessment. Areas of interest of our research include essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the human body. It is a commonly known fact that large doses of mineral [...] Read more.
Gluten, protein and amino acid composition play an important role in grain quality assessment. Areas of interest of our research include essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the human body. It is a commonly known fact that large doses of mineral fertilizers increase grain crops’ yield and quality. However, fertilization leads to undesirable effects—in particular, environmental pollution. This creates a need to replace mineral fertilizers, at least partially, with alternative methods. One such method is the use of microbial preparations in modern technologies for growing cereals. This research, therefore, aimed to study the effect of presowing seed inoculation with a microbial preparation (based on phosphate-mobilizing bacterium Lelliottia nimipressuralis CCM* 32-3) on T. aestivum grain quality, namely the content of gluten, protein and amino acids. The analysis of three-year field experiments showed that the highest values were obtained when using the microbial preparation against the background of mineral fertilizers at the rate of P30. Presowing seed inoculation contributed to a significant increase in grain productivity (by 31.5% compared to control). The content of protein and gluten in the grain also increased up to 12.5 % and 28.0%, while in the control, these figures were 10.8% and 21.2%, respectively. Moreover, the total content of amino acids in wheat grain in the variant inoculation + fertilizers (P30) was the highest compared to those without inoculation. The following excess was noted: by 52% compared to control (without fertilizers); and by 29%, 17% and 10% in variants with mineral fertilizers at the rate of P30, P60, and P90, respectively. The obtained research results indicate that the combined application of mineral fertilizer Ammophos (at the rate of P30) and microbial preparation based on the phosphate-mobilizing bacterium L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3 for presowing seed inoculation is an effective technique that improves the yield and quality indicators of winter wheat grain under the conditions of southern regions with insufficient moisture supply. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Plant Immunity)
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