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Dear Colleagues,

Lipoproteins have significant impact on metabolic diseases such as diabetes as shown in some of our publications. For example, glycaemic control on the lipoprotein responses to the ingestion of a high fat meal was investigated in seven normolipidaemic Type 1 (insulindependent) patients, postprandial triglyceride response in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is not altered by short-term deterioration in glycaemic control or level of postprandial insulin replacement. Triglyceride enrichment of HDL is a factor in its decrease.

This Speical issue “Lipids and Lipoproteins in Metabolic Disease” publicated in International Journal of Molecular Sciences will collect the advanced research works about the lipids and lipoproteins affacting human health especially in metabolism diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and so on, covering the molecular machanisms, pathological factors, therapeutic methods and other aspects. Both comprehensive reviews and original articles are welcomed.

Dr. Veneracion G. Cabana
Guest Editor

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Keywords

lipid metabolism
lipoproteins
diabetis
DL
cardiovascular diseases
atherosclerosis

Published Papers (1 paper)

Review

20 pages, 10918 KiB

Open AccessReview

Molecular Biological and Clinical Understanding of the Statin Residual Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Agonists and Ezetimibe for Its Treatment

by Hidekatsu Yanai, Hiroki Adachi, Mariko Hakoshima and Hisayuki Katsuyama

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3418; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073418 - 22 Mar 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3351

Abstract

Several randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering by using statins, including high-doses of strong statins, reduced the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, among the eight RCTs which investigated the effect of statins vs. placebos on the development of CVD, 56–79% of patients had the residual CVD risk after the trials. In three RCTs which investigated the effect of a high dose vs. a usual dose of statins on the development of CVD, 78–87% of patients in the high-dose statin arms still had the CVD residual risk after the trials. An analysis of the characteristics of patients in the RCTs suggests that elevated triglyceride (TG) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the existence of obesity/insulin resistance, and diabetes may be important metabolic factors which determine the statin residual CVD risk. To understand the association between lipid abnormalities and the development of atherosclerosis, we show the profile of lipoproteins and their normal metabolism, and the molecular and biological mechanisms for the development of atherosclerosis by high TG and/or low HDL-C in insulin resistance. The molecular biological mechanisms for the statin residual CVD risk include an increase of atherogenic lipoproteins such as small dense LDL and remnants, vascular injury and remodeling by inflammatory cytokines, and disturbed reverse cholesterol transport. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonists improve atherogenic lipoproteins, reverse the cholesterol transport system, and also have vascular protective effects, such as an anti-inflammatory effect and the reduction of the oxidative state. Ezetimibe, an inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption, also improves TG and HDL-C, and reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum plant sterols, which are increased by statins and are atherogenic, possibly contributing to reduce the statin residual CVD risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipids and Lipoproteins in Metabolic Diseases)

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