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Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 3.0
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Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 3.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 6606

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Javier Modrego

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Microbiota and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
2. Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Interests: gut microbiota; cardiovascular disease; pollution health; biomedicine; platelet; hemostasis
Dr. Dulcenombre Gómez Garre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Microbiota and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Physiology Department, Medical School, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
2. Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Interests: cardiovascular disease; molecular biology; microbiota; atherosclerosis; heart failure; cell signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous successful issue “Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 2.0”.

The gut microbiota is a diverse microbial ecosystem that is dominated by bacteria but also includes populations of fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists. It seems to have coevolved with humans for a mutually beneficial coexistence, being essential in certain complementary metabolic activities that have not fully evolved in the human host. The advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing platforms, the integration of multi-omics data, and bioinformatics development have accelerated the gaining of knowledge about gut microbial community composition, creating a tremendously shifting our knowledge of physiopathological processes. However, the functions of these communities and how they interact with the host are not fully understood. Since gut bacteria are physically separated from the intestinal epithelium by a mucus layer, without direct interactions between them, the aims of this Special Issue is to delineate the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects host metabolism in a paracrine or endocrine manner. We also aim to focus on gut microbiota modulation to promote health and prevent disease. Several strategies have been explored to modulate gut microbiota, from dietary changes, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, to more advanced interventions such as fecal transplantation, bacteriophages, or gene editing therapies. Deepening our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota/host interactions and emerging modulation strategies offer new opportunities to understand and manipulate the gut microbiota for the benefit of human health.

Dr. Javier Modrego
Dr. Dulcenombre Gómez Garre
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiota
  • microbiome
  • gut metabolites
  • short-chain fatty acids
  • secondary bile acids
  • microRNA
  • microvesicles
  • cell signaling
  • prebiotics/probiotics
  • nutrition
  • fecal transplantation
  • bacteriophages
  • gene editing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 4339 KiB  
Article
Delayed Impact of Ionizing Radiation Depends on Sex: Integrative Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Rodent Colon Content
by Nabarun Chakraborty, Gregory Holmes-Hampton, Matthew Rusling, Vidya P. Kumar, Allison Hoke, Alexander B. Lawrence, Aarti Gautam, Sanchita P. Ghosh and Rasha Hammamieh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4227; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094227 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 127
Abstract
There is an escalating need to comprehend the long-term impacts of nuclear radiation exposure since the permeation of ionizing radiation has been frequent in our current societal framework. A system evaluation of the microbes that reside inside a host’s colon could meet this [...] Read more.
There is an escalating need to comprehend the long-term impacts of nuclear radiation exposure since the permeation of ionizing radiation has been frequent in our current societal framework. A system evaluation of the microbes that reside inside a host’s colon could meet this knowledge gap since the microbes play major roles in a host’s response to stress. Indeed, our past study suggested that these microbes might break their symbiotic association with moribund hosts to form a pro-survival condition exclusive to themselves. In this study, we undertook metagenomics and metabolomics assays regarding the descending colon content (DCC) of adult mice. DCCs were collected 1 month and 6 months after 7 Gy or 7.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). The assessment of the metagenomic diversity profile in DCC found a significant sex bias caused by TBI. Six months after 7.5 Gy TBI, decreased Bacteroidetes were replaced by increased Firmicutes in males, and these alterations were reflected in the functional analysis. For instance, a larger number of networks linked to small chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and metabolism were inhibited in males than in females. Additionally, bioenergy networks showed regression dynamics in females at 6 months post-TBI. Increased accumulation of glucose and pyruvate, which are typical precursors of beneficial SCFAs coupled with the activated networks linked to the production of reactive oxygen species, suggest a cross-sex energy-deprived state. Overall, there was a major chronic adverse implication in male mice that supported the previous literature in suggesting females are more radioresistant than males. The sex-biased chronic effects of TBI should be taken into consideration in designing the pertinent therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 3.0)
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13 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
The Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids with the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants
by Małgorzata Szczuko, Gabriela Duliban, Arleta Drozd, Diana Sochaczewska, Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada and Maciej Ziętek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12487; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312487 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1154
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the fermentation of undigested polysaccharides; they are a group of metabolites resulting from the activity of intestinal bacteria. The main SCFAs are acetic, butyric, propionic, valeric, and caproic acid, and their levels and proportions depend on [...] Read more.
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the fermentation of undigested polysaccharides; they are a group of metabolites resulting from the activity of intestinal bacteria. The main SCFAs are acetic, butyric, propionic, valeric, and caproic acid, and their levels and proportions depend on various factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of SCFAs and the occurrence of specific gastrointestinal symptoms in infants. This study was conducted using faecal samples obtained at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age. The SCFA content was measured using gas chromatography. At 1 month, an association was found between butyric acid and flatulence. At 3 months, an association was found between butyric acid and flatulence/gas and between 3,4-methylovaleric acid and mucus in the stool. At 6 months, an association was found between butyric and valeric acids and flatulence. By 12 months, the gastrointestinal symptoms had decreased significantly. This study confirms that there is an association between SCFA levels and the presence of bloating, gas, mucus in the stool, and constipation in the gastrointestinal tract. Higher levels of butyric and valeric acids may lead to an increase in troublesome symptoms, such as flatulence and gas, in the first few months of life but are not associated with the occurrence of intestinal colic. The level of 3,4-methylovaleric acid is associated with the presence of allergies, whereas a decrease in acetic acid and an increase in isovaleric acid may exacerbate defecation problems in infants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 3.0)
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22 pages, 1813 KiB  
Article
Identification of SIBO Subtypes along with Nutritional Status and Diet as Key Elements of SIBO Therapy
by Justyna Paulina Wielgosz-Grochowska, Nicole Domanski and Małgorzata Ewa Drywień
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 7341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137341 - 4 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4746
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a pathology of the small intestine and may predispose individuals to various nutritional deficiencies. Little is known about whether specific subtypes of SIBO, such as the hydrogen-dominant (H+), methane-dominant (M+), or hydrogen/methane–dominant (H+/M+), impact nutritional status and [...] Read more.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a pathology of the small intestine and may predispose individuals to various nutritional deficiencies. Little is known about whether specific subtypes of SIBO, such as the hydrogen-dominant (H+), methane-dominant (M+), or hydrogen/methane–dominant (H+/M+), impact nutritional status and dietary intake in SIBO patients. The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between biochemical parameters, dietary nutrient intake, and distinct SIBO subtypes. This observational study included 67 patients who were newly diagnosed with SIBO. Biochemical parameters and diet were studied utilizing laboratory tests and food records, respectively. The H+/M+ group was associated with low serum vitamin D (p < 0.001), low serum ferritin (p = 0.001) and low fiber intake (p = 0.001). The M+ group was correlated with high serum folic acid (p = 0.002) and low intakes of fiber (p = 0.001) and lactose (p = 0.002). The H+ group was associated with low lactose intake (p = 0.027). These results suggest that the subtype of SIBO may have varying effects on dietary intake, leading to a range of biochemical deficiencies. Conversely, specific dietary patterns may predispose one to the development of a SIBO subtype. The assessment of nutritional status and diet, along with the diagnosis of SIBO subtypes, are believed to be key components of SIBO therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Disease and Health 3.0)
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