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Advances in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration—2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1937

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Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: glia; protease activated receptors (PARs); environmental toxins; autophagy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Unlike the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system is able to regenerate promptly following an injury. Its regenerative capacity is largely related to the ability of Schwann cells to dedifferentiate and drive axonal regrowth. Peripheral nerve regeneration is, however, limited in space and time. Therefore, there is a compelling need to develop strategies to promote peripheral nerve regeneration, especially in elderly individuals and those with other concomitant diseases (e.g., diabetes). This Special Issue aims to gather contributions regarding various aspects underlying axonal regrowth following tissue injury. Articles describing the complex interplay between peripheral nerves and cancer will also be considered. ln fact, cancer can be viewed as an injury in that it damages the normal cytoarchitecture of a tissue, leading to the activation of nerve-regenerative mechanisms that can then promote tumor growth and dissemination. In this context, a large body of research suggests that activated Schwann cells appear to play a key role in creating a pro-tumor microenvironment. Their connection to cancer-induced innervation is not well described, and they should instead be considered as pathological activators of axonal growth and attraction.

The Special Issue is a continuation of “Advances in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/NWI8F3N9W3). We invite investigators to contribute original research articles and reviews that aim to describe factors that favor or limit nerve regrowth after an injury. The following is a non-exhaustive list of topics that we aim to cover in this Special Issue:

  • Schwann cell biology;
  • Biomaterials and nerve scaffolds;
  • Neurotrophic and gliotrophic factors;
  • Inflammatory cytokines;
  • Nerve/tumor crosstalk;
  • Schwann cells and the tumor microenvironment.

Dr. Cinzia Fabrizi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • peripheral nerve regeneration
  • schwann cells
  • axonal regrowth
  • nerve regrowth

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4418 KB  
Article
Modulation of S100β and Inflammatory Signalling by Isorhamnetin Enhances Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
by Ammara Tehreem, Arslan Iftikhar, Ikram Ullah Khan and Ghulam Hussain
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(8), 3624; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083624 - 18 Apr 2026
Viewed by 295
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a leading cause of disability, which can result in partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function, and currently, there is no effective treatment for this incapacitating condition. It is important to identify new compounds that enable [...] Read more.
Peripheral nerve injury is a leading cause of disability, which can result in partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function, and currently, there is no effective treatment for this incapacitating condition. It is important to identify new compounds that enable rapid and complete functional recovery. This study evaluated the effects of isorhamnetin (ISO) on functional rehabilitation in a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury. A total of 30 BALB/c mice, aged 8–10 weeks, were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, control, and treatment (n = 10/group). The mice in the ISO and Ctrl groups were operated on, whilst the animals in the sham group had their sciatic nerves exposed but left intact without crushing. The Ctrl and Sham groups received DMSO and normal saline intraperitoneally in equal volumes. In contrast, the ISO-treated group received ISO (10 mg/kg) dissolved in DMSO intraperitoneally from the day of nerve crush until the end of the study. All groups were fed regular chow and provided with sufficient water throughout the experiment. Behavioural analyses evaluated sensorimotor function recovery. Biochemical and haematological assays quantified oxidative stress markers and total blood count, while morphometric analysis determined structural recovery of muscle fibers. Nerve regeneration was indirectly evaluated by analyzing S100β protein levels and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) expression. In the mouse model, ISO treatment resulted in substantial improvement in sensorimotor function recovery (p < 0.001). A substantial difference (p < 0.001) in blood glucose levels and oxidative stress markers was observed among all groups. The treated group displayed a remarkable improvement in the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. At the end of the study, it was noted that ISO treatment significantly downregulated the expression of S100β, TNF-α, and IL-6, suggesting a positive impact of ISO on nerve regeneration. These findings indicate that ISO expedites the restoration of sensorimotor function following sciatic nerve injury by modulating S100β and proinflammatory cytokine expression and improving oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration—2nd Edition)
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Review

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52 pages, 12780 KB  
Review
Contemporary Strategies of Gene and Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Peripheral Nervous System Injuries and Disorders
by Alexandra Sharshakova, Valeriya Solovyeva, Galina Masgutova, Alisa Fattakhova, Albert Rizvanov, Albert Sufianov, Galina Sufianova and Ruslan Masgutov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(5), 2335; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27052335 - 2 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Injuries and diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) often result in irreversible functional deficits. Current therapeutic approaches demonstrate limited efficacy, which has driven the development of regenerative medicine strategies. This review systematizes contemporary gene and cell therapy approaches aimed at PNS repair [...] Read more.
Injuries and diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) often result in irreversible functional deficits. Current therapeutic approaches demonstrate limited efficacy, which has driven the development of regenerative medicine strategies. This review systematizes contemporary gene and cell therapy approaches aimed at PNS repair and regeneration. Key neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, etc.) and the molecular mechanisms underlying their regenerative effects are discussed. Gene delivery strategies employing viral and plasmid vectors are analyzed, along with the therapeutic application of various cell populations, including Schwann cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells. Particular attention is given to combined gene–cell-based approaches, which enable localized and sustained expression of therapeutic molecules. The integration of advances in genetic engineering, cell biology, and tissue engineering is shaping a new treatment paradigm focused on pathogenetic restoration of nerve tissue. These promising strategies pave the way toward achieving complete functional regeneration following PNS injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration—2nd Edition)
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