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Advances in Fluorescent Sensors

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 819

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Chemistry, BrainVisionCenter, Budapest, Hungary
Interests: organic synthesis; fluorophore design; voltage sensors; ion sensors; fluorescence sensors; fluorescence imaging

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Guest Editor
Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: organic chemistry; synthesis; electrocatalysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluorescent sensors have become indispensable tools in modern science due to their high sensitivity, real-time monitoring capabilities, and versatility across environmental, biomedical, and industrial applications. The pace of innovation in this field has been accelerating over the past decades with many important breakthroughs from sensor design to device fabrication. The structural diversity of fluorescence sensors has also been increasing. Small-molecule sensors enable the selective detection of ions and biomolecules through mechanisms like photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Advances in computational chemistry accelerate the design of sensor molecules with tailored binding pockets and emission profiles. Polymeric sensors, including molecularly imprinted polymers and nanostructured films, offer improved stability, reversibility, and multi-analyte detection for gases, toxins, and pharmaceuticals. Genetically encoded protein-based sensors allow for the spatiotemporal tracking of neurotransmitters and metabolites in living cells with minimal invasiveness, which makes them indispensable in bioimaging. Directed evolution and automated high-throughput screening techniques have optimized fluorescent protein scaffolds for enhanced brightness and photostability. Innovative materials, like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have revolutionized gas sensing by combining tunable porosity with fluorescence quenching mechanisms, achieving ultra-low detection limits. Fluorescence sensing films, integrated with quantum dots or hydrogel matrices, provide portable, on-chip solutions for detecting explosives, drugs, and environmental hazards. These innovations, driven by interdisciplinary approaches, underscore the critical role of fluorescent sensors in advancing diagnostics, bioimaging, environmental monitoring, and chemical threat mitigation.

Dr. Levente Cseri
Dr. Ervin Kovács
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fluorescence probe
  • fluorescent nanomaterials
  • analyte recognition
  • fluorescence imaging
  • real-time monitoring
  • photoinduced electron transfer
  • Förster resonance energy transfer
  • genetically encoded indicators
  • sensor devices
  • fluorescence microscopy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 4241 KB  
Article
Measuring Serotonin Binding to Its Receptors In Vitro via Charge Transfer to ANAP
by Olivia G. Brado, Aspen T. Hawkins, Adam D. Hill and Michael C. Puljung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(22), 10815; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262210815 - 7 Nov 2025
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a vital intercellular messenger with diverse signaling functions throughout the human body. We have characterized and implemented a novel, in vitro fluorescence-based method of measuring 5-HT binding to gain a fuller understanding of the interactions between 5-HT and its receptors. [...] Read more.
Serotonin (5-HT) is a vital intercellular messenger with diverse signaling functions throughout the human body. We have characterized and implemented a novel, in vitro fluorescence-based method of measuring 5-HT binding to gain a fuller understanding of the interactions between 5-HT and its receptors. This method involves expression of 5-HT receptor proteins in cultured cells with the fluorescent, non-canonical amino acid l-3-(6-acetylnaphthalen-2-ylamino)-2-aminopropanoic acid (ANAP) incorporated into the ligand binding site. ANAP fluorescence was quenched in solution by both 5-HT and dopamine. Time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed that ANAP quenching by 5-HT occurs via a charge-transfer process that recovers through back-electron transfer on the nanosecond timescale. Supported by density functional theory calculations, this process likely involved an ANAP reduction by 5-HT. To test this method on intact receptors in a cellular context, we expressed 5-HT3A receptors (5-HT-gated ion channels) in HEK293T cells with ANAP inserted co-translationally into the transmitter binding site. Fluorescently labeled 5-HT3A receptors were functional and activated by 5-HT, as assessed by whole-cell patch clamp. Addition of 5-HT caused a concentration-dependent quenching of fluorescence from ANAP-tagged channels in intact cells and unroofed plasma membranes, demonstrating the utility of this method for measuring 5-HT binding to its receptors. Collectively, these results delineate a technique for measuring transmitter binding that can be widely adopted to explore 5-HT binding not only to 5-HT3 receptors, but to any 5-HT receptor, transporter, or binding protein in heterologous expression systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fluorescent Sensors)
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