Heritage Building Information Modeling: Theory and Applications

A special issue of ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (ISSN 2220-9964).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 16801

Special Issue Editors

Department of History, Representation and Restoration of Architecture, Sapienza University of Roma, 00186 Roma, Italy
Interests: architectural representation; 3D modelling; HBIM; tangible and intangible heritage; architectural survey
Department of History, Representation and Restoration of Architecture, Sapienza University of Roma, 00186 Roma, Italy
Interests: architectural survey; architectural representation; integrated digital model; HBIM; architectural heritage
Department of History, Representation and Restoration of Architecture, Sapienza University of Roma, 00186 Roma, Italy
Interests: architectural survey; 3D documentation; information modeling; image-based modeling; digital cultural heritage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first 25 years of the so-called “digital revolution” have deeply changed the methods and tools of our interaction with the “architectural domain”. 3D models have progressively become the pivot of the above-mentioned interaction to create a sound correspondence between the virtual and the real constructive processes.

From this standpoint, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has proved quite effective in digitally reproducing the coordinated set of simple elements, connected to each other by design logics and construction techniques, that comprise any built artefact.

However, this approach can be problematic when applied to existing buidings. Although existing buldings can be decomposed into recurrent elements, the modelling of their parameters and infomration appears much more complex, both in terms of the geometric transposition of the continuity of the real world, and its qualitative and semantic description.

This evidence has led scholars and professionals to introduce a specific name for the BIM systems applied to existing buildings adding the prefix “H” that stands for Historic or Heritage.

Apart from this linguistic definition, the more the HBIM approach is studied and analysed, the more it appears separate from “classic” BIM.

In this framework, we invite scholars, reserachers and profesionals to share their experience about theory and applications in the HBIM domain.

Contributions can address the following topics:

  • HBIM fundamentals;
  • HBIM applications;
  • Epistemology applied to HBIM modelling;
  • BIM libraries applied to the heritage domain;
  • Metamodelling in architecture;
  • Semantic structuring of architecture;
  • Semantic decomposition of buildings;
  • Transparency of 3D modelling;
  • HBIM reliability of geometry and information;
  • Validation of 3D models;
  • 3D modelling of existing buildings;
  • HBIM interoperability;
  • HBIM standards;
  • 3D database;
  • Parametric and visual programming BIM;
  • HBIM for conservation and manteinance;
  • HBIM for virtual reconstruction.

Prof. Carlo Bianchini
Dr. Martina Attenni
Dr. Marika Griffo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HBIM
  • 3D modeling
  • integrated digital model
  • rchitectural heritage
  • 3D documentation
  • digital cultural heritage

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 6340 KiB  
Article
HBIM Meta-Modelling: 50 (and More) Shades of Grey
by Martina Attenni, Carlo Bianchini, Marika Griffo and Luca James Senatore
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(9), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090468 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1466
Abstract
The paper aims at investigating modelling strategies in HBIM context to identify at what extent the final use of the model might affects, or should affect, the modelling approach itself. Moreover, the discussion wants to shed light on the possibility of connecting in [...] Read more.
The paper aims at investigating modelling strategies in HBIM context to identify at what extent the final use of the model might affects, or should affect, the modelling approach itself. Moreover, the discussion wants to shed light on the possibility of connecting in just one digital environment several instances connected to the building. These aims will be discussed presenting and evaluating two different modelling approaches: the “black box” modelling and the “white box” model-ling. The two terms are partially borrowed from computer science to explain two types of testing. The “black box” testing is performed without any preliminary knowledge about the system functionality and internal components; on the contrary, the “white box” testing, implies a full knowledge of the system. These two approaches will be compared to two ways of conceiving a building information model. In conclusion, the paper will investigate the possibility to integrate in just one model, the grey box model, the two ones previously discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heritage Building Information Modeling: Theory and Applications)
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14 pages, 4997 KiB  
Article
Parametric and Visual Programming BIM Applied to Museums, Linking Container and Content
by Massimiliano Lo Turco, Elisabetta Caterina Giovannini and Andrea Tomalini
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(7), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070411 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2342
Abstract
In recent years we have been experiencing an ever-increasing number of Building Modeling Modeling (BIM) and Visual Programming Language (VPL) approaches in the architectural design field. These experiments have inspired new research strictly focused on exploring values, criticalities, and the advantages of applying [...] Read more.
In recent years we have been experiencing an ever-increasing number of Building Modeling Modeling (BIM) and Visual Programming Language (VPL) approaches in the architectural design field. These experiments have inspired new research strictly focused on exploring values, criticalities, and the advantages of applying these combined methodologies in the Cultural Heritage domain. This integrated approach has emphasized the benefits derived from HBIM. The next step is to critically evaluate the application of BIM and VPL processes used in the management and valorisation of museum heritage, pursuing both parametric and algorithmic approaches. The research group worked on building a model that shared the BIM hierarchical structure and the flexibility of the VPL methodologies. Semi-automatic procedures were developed within a rigorous BIM workflow, with the help of Autodesk and McNeel tools, to show and manage complex museum management phenomena. These procedures aimed to respond to three different objectives. First, the need to associate information from the Facility Report to the individual BIM components to predict and monitor the conditions in which museum collections are found. Second, the intention to measure the attractiveness of the artifacts within the exhibition project and the design effects for a correct prefiguration of visitor flows. Third, the elements involved included the exhibition area obtained from an HBIM model (converted into a visual field through interoperable processes), the digitized collections (the attractive elements), the users and, finally, the numerical evaluation of the visibility of specific objects within collections by simulating the human point of view. Once automated, the devised procedures can be considered a prototype to support curators in controlling and improving the efficiency of the exhibition layout. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heritage Building Information Modeling: Theory and Applications)
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20 pages, 6595 KiB  
Article
The Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Method for the Ming and Qing Dynasties’ Official-Style Architecture Roof Considering the Construction Regulations
by Youqiang Dong, Yihao Li and Miaole Hou
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(4), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040214 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
Point cloud semantic segmentation has played an important role in the scan-to-BIM process of the Ming and Qing Dynasties’ official-style architecture roof. To overcome the complexity of roof components’ shape and the scale differences between different roof component types, a point cloud semantic [...] Read more.
Point cloud semantic segmentation has played an important role in the scan-to-BIM process of the Ming and Qing Dynasties’ official-style architecture roof. To overcome the complexity of roof components’ shape and the scale differences between different roof component types, a point cloud semantic segmentation method for the MQDOAs roof considering the construction regulations is proposed in this paper. This method is composed of two stages. In the first stage, the features from the construction rules of MQDOAs, including the normalized symmetrical distance (NSD), relative height (RH) and local height difference (LHD), are extracted alongside the regular geometric features. To lower the influence of scale differences, a multi-scale feature connection strategy is also applied to construct the feature classification vector. In the second stage, RF method is applied to classify the point cloud. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method, we took the Hall of Complete Harmony as the study case. The experiments showed that our method achieved segmentation result in overall classification accuracy and reached 96.8%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heritage Building Information Modeling: Theory and Applications)
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16 pages, 16967 KiB  
Article
Modeling as a Critical Process of Knowledge: Survey of Buildings in a State of Ruin
by Leonardo Paris, Maria Laura Rossi and Giorgia Cipriani
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(3), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030172 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
HBIM modeling presupposes a series of methodological and content questions depending on the type of historic building being investigated. A particular case refers to a multitude of buildings, isolated or aggregated, that sprinkle our territory that do not stand out for their valuable [...] Read more.
HBIM modeling presupposes a series of methodological and content questions depending on the type of historic building being investigated. A particular case refers to a multitude of buildings, isolated or aggregated, that sprinkle our territory that do not stand out for their valuable architectural characteristics abandoned for different reasons and turned to ruins. This building category retains a valuable judgment when the typological constructive characteristics are recognized as explanations of “making architecture”, strongly linked to a place and to a time and that are worth preserving. The study of a ruin as a building typology involves various issues starting from the survey, both in terms of structure stability and room accessibility, and in terms of survey techniques to be used to acquire geometries that have lost their original conformation. The loss and deformation of the shape are therefore the main obstacles in the reconstruction of the historical evolutionary phases, fundamental for the definition of a recovery project that respects the nature of the building, now in a state of instability. Informed digital models, soon mandatory by law in most building processes, applied to the ruins thus become not only a means of documenting, cataloging, and communicating the built heritage but, above all, a tool that serves the project. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heritage Building Information Modeling: Theory and Applications)
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19 pages, 8603 KiB  
Article
Parametric Processes for the Implementation of HBIM—Visual Programming Language for the Digitisation of the Index of Masonry Quality
by Michele Calvano, Letizia Martinelli, Filippo Calcerano and Elena Gigliarelli
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(2), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11020093 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2986
Abstract
The heterogeneity and historical complexity of interventions on built heritage are testified by the constant development of the conservation discipline. The purpose of the research is the development of a digital workflow of parametric modelling for the analysis and conservation of historical buildings, [...] Read more.
The heterogeneity and historical complexity of interventions on built heritage are testified by the constant development of the conservation discipline. The purpose of the research is the development of a digital workflow of parametric modelling for the analysis and conservation of historical buildings, by applying visual programming language (VPL) to support the Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) methodology. VPL represents a tool for explicit parametric modelling that can be used to enhance geometric and information enrichment of HBIM models. The paper describes the integration, within an HBIM-VPL process, of the Index of Masonry Quality, widely used for seismic structural analysis, and its application to a case study in Cornillo Nuovo, a village damaged by the earthquake of Amatrice in 2016. Similar approaches could enhance HBIM modelling to support different knowledge domains associated with built heritage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heritage Building Information Modeling: Theory and Applications)
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Review

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18 pages, 9364 KiB  
Review
HBIM Open Source: A Review
by Filippo Diara
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11(9), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090472 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2849
Abstract
Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) methodology has revolutionized the entire cultural heritage documentation panorama since 2009. At the same time, the possibility of creating and managing HBIM projects by using open source solutions opened new research paths in 2016. Different reasons can drive [...] Read more.
Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) methodology has revolutionized the entire cultural heritage documentation panorama since 2009. At the same time, the possibility of creating and managing HBIM projects by using open source solutions opened new research paths in 2016. Different reasons can drive the utilisation of free and open source software (FOSS), however the accessibility of a tailor-made project should be the main purpose. After six years of research on open source HBIM, this paper will review the actual panorama of designed and operative programmes on informative models of historic architecture built with FOSS solutions. Different aspects will be analysed, from open source software setup to parametric modelling and from semantic dimension to data exchange and cloud accessibility. Then, the advantages and drawbacks of open source protocols will be highlighted. Lastly, the next updates, future scenarios and developments on open source HBIM will be estimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heritage Building Information Modeling: Theory and Applications)
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