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The Challenge of Exercise and Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Chronic Conditions

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 31573

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Borja Sañudo

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Guest Editor

Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
Interests: new technologies; fitness; rehabilitation; clinical populations; exercise; active aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. David Jiménez-Pavón

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Guest Editor

MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
Interests: exercise physiology; exercise interventions; physical activity; fitness; physical and mental health; aging; brain health and OMICs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. John Saxton

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Guest Editor

Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
Interests: cancer; clinical populations; physical activity; exercise

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality, are all significantly lower in individuals who meet international physical activity (PA) guidelines. Moreover, the age-related declines in functional capacity, quality of life, and increased risk of morbidity, disability, and mortality may be delayed by the adoption of more physically active lifestyles. However, it was reported that 31% of the world's population are not meeting recommended levels of physical activity, increasing exponentially the risk for overweight, obesity, non-communicable diseases, and chronic conditions. An emerging area requiring further research is the influence sedentary behavior exerts on health in these clinical conditions, independent of physical activity. This Special Issue will provide a practical, evidence-based vision of how to address physical inactivity, and further demonstrate the relationships between health outcomes and habitual physical activity, especially focusing on physical activity for the promotion of health in different populations, including clinical conditions, pregnant women or older adults. The findings will allow clinicians and public health practitioners to provide advice about increasing the total amount of excising time by demonstrating that such advice can be effective.

Prof. Dr. Borja Sañudo
Dr. David Jiménez Pavón
Prof. Dr. John Saxton
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Physical activity
Sedentary behavior
Exercise
Habits
Health promotion
Nutrition
Healthy ageing
Wearable technology

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1173 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Importance of Physical Activity to Augment Mood during COVID-19 Lockdown

by Curtis Fennell, Thomas Eremus, Moisés Grimaldi Puyana and Borja Sañudo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1270; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031270 - 24 Jan 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3638

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on mood and objective physical activity. A sample of 78 college students in Spain completed an assessment of mood using the valid Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire and had their physical activity tracked objectively using a validated wrist-worn accelerometer (Xiaomi Mi Band 2) for one week before being under COVID-19 lockdown (T1) and for one week during COVID-19 lockdown (T2). Paired samples t-tests revealed significantly greater (p = 0.027) POMS Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) Score T2 (mean ± SD) (22.6 ± 28.0) compared to T1 (17.7 ± 22.6) (lower score represents better mood) and significantly lower (p ≤ 0.001) POMS Vigor Score T2 (14.1 ± 5.0) compared to T1 (18.2 ± 4.5) (lower vigor score represents lower mental and physical energy levels). Additionally, Total Objective Steps was significantly less (p ≤ 0.001) lT2 (15,841.9 ± 17,253.2 steps) compared to T1 (64,607.0 ± 50,525.2 steps). Regression analyses demonstrated significant negative relationships of Total Objective Steps and POMS Depression (p = 0.014, Beta = −0.277, t = −2.511), POMS Anger (p = 0.040, Beta = −0.233, t = −2.091), and POMS TMD (p = 0.007, Beta = −0.302, t = −2.754) T2. The regressions also revealed a significant positive relationship (p = 0.012, Beta = 0.283, t = 2.57) of Total Objective Steps and POMS Vigor T2. These data suggest that being in a lockdown due to a pandemic may have negative physical and mental health-related consequences and that engaging in physical activity may reduce these deleterious mental health-related consequences during lockdowns and quarantines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenge of Exercise and Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Chronic Conditions)

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11 pages, 360 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Exercise in People with Chronic Kidney Disease—Practices and Perception of the Knowledge of Health Professionals and Physical Activity and Sport Science Professionals about Their Prescription

by Víctor Martínez-Majolero, Belén Urosa and Sonsoles Hernández-Sánchez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020656 - 07 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2699

Abstract

There is evidence on the need to include physical exercise as a treatment for diseases. A large number of professionals are involved in this, but it is not known how physical exercise is prescribed and which professionals are involved. This research has two objectives: (a) to find out the current practices in Spain regarding the prescription of physical exercise in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and (b) to analyse the perception that different health and physical activity professionals have of their knowledge to prescribe of physical exercise in the treatment of CKD. This is an empirical research with an ex post facto retrospective analysis of the information in a descriptive and correlational way. A total of 692 health and sports professionals participated. A questionnaire validated by a committee of experts was administered. Descriptive analyses were carried out and the differences in the study variables were analysed using Chi-square tests and one-factor Analysis of Variance. From the results obtained, we conclude there is a need to develop specific training programmes in the field of physical exercise for health professionals, as well as the establishment of multiprofessional teams for the prescription of physical exercise in CKD treatment, including physical exercise professionals (Cafyde). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenge of Exercise and Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Chronic Conditions)

16 pages, 1510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

‘All We Have to Decide Is What to Do with the Time That Is Given to Us’ a Photovoice Study on Physical Activity in Nursing Homes

by Dorothée Altmeier, Ansgar Thiel and Annika Frahsa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5481; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105481 - 20 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3225

Abstract

(1) Background: Despite high prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentariness among nursing home residents, research on the influence of environments on this topic remains scarce. This Photovoice study explores how structural and social environments relate to residents’ everyday physical activity (PA). (2) Methods: 27 residents, staff, and significant others conducted Photovoice in eight nursing homes in Germany to document factors facilitating or hindering PA. Photographs were discussed with the participants in eight focus groups and analysed using thematic analysis. (3) Results: 169 photographs (between 8 and 42per home) were categorized into three thematic groups: (1) ‘architectural challenges for PA promotion in nursing homes’; (2) ‘opportunities and limitations of using daily work equipment for PA promotion’; (3) ‘social incentives for PA promotion’. Photographs’ foci in the homes differed considerably between participant groups. Staff primarily chose environmental constructions and aids that they perceived to enable residents’ PA. Residents were more likely to express affections and emotions that would encourage them to be active. (4) Conclusions: PA promotion research in this setting should be sensitive to diverse perceptions of different stakeholder groups and existing power imbalances. Interventions are needed that integrate residents’ needs and train staff on how to consider residents’ perspectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenge of Exercise and Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Chronic Conditions)

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11 pages, 2035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Pandemic within the Pandemic? Physical Activity Levels Substantially Decreased in Countries Affected by COVID-19

by Jan Wilke, Lisa Mohr, Adam S. Tenforde, Pascal Edouard, Chiara Fossati, Marcela González-Gross, Celso Sánchez Ramírez, Fernando Laiño, Benedict Tan, Julian David Pillay, Fabio Pigozzi, David Jimenez-Pavon, Bernhard Novak, Johannes Jaunig, Mandy Zhang, Mireille van Poppel, Christoph Heidt, Steffen Willwacher, Gustavo Yuki, Daniel E. Lieberman, Lutz Vogt, Evert Verhagen, Luiz Hespanhol and Karsten Hollander Show full author list Hide full author list

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(5), 2235; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052235 - 24 Feb 2021

Cited by 136 | Viewed by 17105

Abstract

Governments have restricted public life during the COVID-19 pandemic, inter alia closing sports facilities and gyms. As regular exercise is essential for health, this study examined the effect of pandemic-related confinements on physical activity (PA) levels. A multinational survey was performed in 14 countries. Times spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as well as in vigorous physical activity only (VPA) were assessed using the Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Data were obtained for leisure and occupational PA pre- and during restrictions. Compliance with PA guidelines was calculated based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). In total, n = 13,503 respondents (39 ± 15 years, 59% females) were surveyed. Compared to pre-restrictions, overall self-reported PA declined by 41% (MVPA) and 42.2% (VPA). Reductions were higher for occupational vs. leisure time, young and old vs. middle-aged persons, previously more active vs. less active individuals, but similar between men and women. Compared to pre-pandemic, compliance with WHO guidelines decreased from 80.9% (95% CI: 80.3–81.7) to 62.5% (95% CI: 61.6–63.3). Results suggest PA levels have substantially decreased globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key stakeholders should consider strategies to mitigate loss in PA in order to preserve health during the pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenge of Exercise and Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Chronic Conditions)

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Other

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19 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”

by Rubén Aragón-Martín, María del Mar Gómez-Sánchez, David Jiménez-Pavón, José Manuel Martínez-Nieto, Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez, Carmen Segundo-Iglesias, José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz, María José Santi-Cano, José Castro-Piñero, Carmen Lineros-González, Mariano Hernán-García and Amelia Rodríguez-Martín

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1622; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041622 - 08 Feb 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3832

Abstract

This paper describes the protocol for a study designed to address the high prevalence (40%) of childhood overweight and obesity in the province of Cádiz, Spain, as a reflection of what is happening worldwide. It is widely known that children who suffer from childhood obesity have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. This causes a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in health spending. In this context, it is necessary to intervene promoting healthy lifestyle habits from an early stage. The objective of this project will be to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention (individual, school and family) called “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ” [CADIZ-PREVENT]. The intervention will be focused mainly on diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and sleep, to prevent overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from 8 to 9 years old in the province of Cádiz. It will consist of a 10-session education program carried out in the classroom by the teachers. In addition, children will be assigned two workbooks, one to work on in class and the other at home with parents. A workshop aimed at parents will be included to help teach them how to obtain healthier lifestyle habits. The proposed study will involve a quasi-experimental design with a control group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenge of Exercise and Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Chronic Conditions)

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