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Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Women's Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 29102

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nicole Trabold

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Guest Editor

College of Health Science and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
Interests: intimate partner violence; behavioral interventions; health care delivery systems; pragmatic clinical trials using a community based participatory approach

Dr. Mona Mittal

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Guest Editor

School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Interests: synergistic interactions between substance use, violence, and HIV/AIDS (SAVA syndemic)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an under-recognized epidemic and global public health crisis. The physical and mental health burden on those that experience IPV is devastating and long-lasting. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 35% of women experience physical and/or sexual IPV in their lifetimes. Innovative, effective interventions are critically needed to help individuals, families, and communities to heal and thrive. However, despite policy initiatives and criminal justice responses, rates of IPV have remained relatively stable. The ongoing adverse repercussions, such as chronic mental health and behavioral health issues, often persist unresolved for years, leading to increased contacts with the healthcare and social system. Further, the fiscal impact of IPV on society is substantial; according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States alone, annual costs of IPV exceed $5.8 billion dollars in healthcare, lost productivity, and income. To date, approaches to address IPV in healthcare and social settings are promising, yet there remains a paucity of IPV interventions.

In this Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, we plan to bring together global interdisciplinary research that provides innovative solutions to address IPV within healthcare and social contexts. We welcome conceptual, intervention development and/or evaluation focused articles on violence involved individuals (i.e. those that use or experience violence) as well as systematic reviews or meta-analyses. In addition to individual-level interventions, we also welcome relational and multi-level intervention studies.

Dr. Nicole Trabold
Dr. Mona Mittal
Guest Editors

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Keywords

intimate partner violence
domestic violence
healthcare
interventions
efficacy
effectiveness

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3008 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Impacts of an Intervention to Improve the Identification, Referral and Safety of Those Experiencing Domestic Violence: A Mixed Methods Study in the UK

by Shazia Zafar, Caroline Bradbury-Jones and Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16181; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316181 - 3 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1794

Abstract

This study is the first evaluation of the impacts on long-term health issues (and associations with ethnicity and poverty) of a domestic violence intervention, Identification and Referral to Improve Safety (IRIS). IRIS is a domestic violence training, support and referral programme based mainly in primary care settings. This was a convergent, parallel, mixed methods UK study. In the quantitative phase, we matched the health records of 294 patients who had a marker for domestic violence with records from a domestic violence support service to track the health conditions of participants before and after referral to IRIS. In the qualitative phase, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 21 women who had received IRIS support and thematically analysed the data. Descriptive statistics indicated that, at the point of referral to IRIS, participants had a variety of health conditions, with a reduction on a number of mental and overall physical health conditions post-IRIS. Qualitative data are reported under five prominent themes: life before, driving forces for help-seeking, experiences of support, perceived impacts and recovery as a journey. Overall, we found that IRIS support was associated with a positive impact on participants. The study highlights the benefits of improved identification and referral of domestic violence survivors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

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19 pages, 393 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Indigenous Service Provider Perspectives of an Online Education Module to Support Safe Clinical Encounters about Family Violence in Canada

by Christine Wekerle, Kahontiyoha Cynthia Denise McQueen, Bronwyn Barker, Anita Acai, Savanah Smith, Ilana Allice and Melissa Kimber

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316061 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1522

Abstract

Given colonial genocide, Indigenous peoples are rightfully reticent to disclose their experiences of family violence to practitioners working within mainstream health care and social services. Health care and social service providers (HSSPs) have varied formal education on providing trauma-and-violence informed care to Indigenous and non-Indigenous families affected by family violence, including intimate partner violence and child maltreatment. The purpose of this study is to understand and describe the perspectives of Six Nations of the Grand River community members on the relevance of an education module to support HSSPs to provide physically and emotionally safe care to Indigenous families affected by family violence. Two-Eyed Seeing and Two Row Wampum approaches guided our qualitative study. Twenty-one (66.7% women) Indigenous HSSPs completed a semi-structured interview; 15 identified as a regulated HSSP, nine as a Knowledge Keeper/Cultural Holder, and three as a HSSP trainees. Conventional content analysis guided the development of codes and categories. The Violence, Evidence, Guidance, Action (VEGA)—Creating Safety education module was described as having elements consistent with Indigenous experiences and values, and supportive of Indigenous peoples seeking care from HSSPs for family violence related concerns. Participants described several suggestions to better adapt and align the module content with the diversity of values and beliefs of different Indigenous Nations. Collectively, the Creating Safety module may be used as an educational adjunct to Indigenous-focused, cultural safety training that can support HSSPs to provide physically, emotionally, and psychologically safe care to Indigenous peoples who have experienced family violence. Future work needs to consider the perspectives of other Indigenous communities and Nations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

14 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship Health and Intimate Partner Violence in Integrated Primary Care: Individual Characteristics and Preferences for Relationship Support across Risk Levels

by Dev Crasta, Cory A. Crane, Nicole Trabold, Robyn L. Shepardson, Kyle Possemato and Jennifer S. Funderburk

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 13984; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113984 - 27 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1190

Abstract

This study explores differences in characteristics and relationship treatment preferences across different levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) among Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care patients. In Fall 2019, we sent a mail-in survey assessing relationship healthcare needs to N = 299 Veterans randomly sampled from 20 northeastern VA primary care clinics (oversampling female and younger Veterans). We compared those reporting past year use or experience of physical/sexual aggression, threats/coercion, or injury (Severe IPV; 21%), to those only reporting yelling and screaming (Verbal Conflict; 51%), and denying any IPV (No IPV; 28%). Participants across groups desired 2–6 sessions of face-to-face support for couples’ health and communication. No IPV participants were older and had preferred treatment in primary care. The Verbal Conflict and Severe IPV groups were both flagged by IPV screens and had similar interest in couple treatment and relationship evaluation. The Severe IPV group had higher rates of harms (e.g., depression, alcohol use disorder, relationship dissatisfaction, fear of partner) and higher interest in addressing safety outside of VA. Exploratory analyses suggested differences based on use vs. experience of Severe IPV. Findings highlight ways integrated primary care teams can differentiate services to address dissatisfaction and conflict while facilitating referrals for Severe IPV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

21 pages, 1279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Recovery from Intimate Partner Violence: Recovery and Hope

by Mary Jean Carman and Frances Kay-Lambkin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 13825; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113825 - 24 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1961

Abstract

Recovery is a preferred outcome for assessing intervention effectiveness in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), but measurement tools are in nascent form. It is therefore unclear what the recovery potential of survivors may be. A national online survey explored the self-rated recovery progress of Australian women (n = 1116), using visual analog scales (VAS) for recovery, hope, and other demographic variables. Findings show that many women rated themselves as completely recovered (14% of the eligible sample and 22% of the women who had left their partner > 10 years previously). However, most women experienced recovery as an ongoing process of healing (81%) and some women made little recovery progress (5%). Nevertheless, 77% of women who had separated >10 years ago rated their recovery as significant (scores of >70/100). Surprisingly, hope and recovery scores were only moderately correlated. This requires further investigation to determine what impacts on hope in long-term recovery, and how subjective and objective measures of hope and recovery vary in the context of IPV. The VAS was an efficient unidimensional measure for an online survey and is proposed for use in clinical and service contexts requiring subjective measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

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15 pages, 389 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Recovering from Intimate Partner Violence through Strengths and Empowerment (RISE): Initial Evaluation of the Clinical Effects of RISE Administered in Routine Care in the US Veterans Health Administration

by Katherine M. Iverson, Sara B. Danitz, Stephanie K. Low, Jennifer A. Knetig, Kathryn W. Doyle and LeAnn E. Bruce

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148793 - 20 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2605

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common concern among military Veterans that negatively impacts health. The United States’ Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has launched a national IPV Assistance Program (IPVAP) to provide comprehensive services to Veterans, their families and caregivers, and VHA employees who use or experience IPV. Grounded in a holistic, Veteran-centered psychosocial rehabilitation framework that guides all facets of the program, the IPVAP initiated the pilot implementation of a novel intervention called Recovering from IPV through Strengths and Empowerment (RISE). This evidence-based, person-centered, trauma-informed, and empowerment-oriented brief counseling intervention is designed to support those who experience IPV and to improve their psychosocial wellbeing. This program evaluation study describes clinical outcomes from patients who participated in a pilot implementation of RISE in routine care. We examined changes in general self-efficacy, depression, and valued living, as well as treatment satisfaction among patients who received RISE and completed program evaluation measures at VHA facilities during the pilot. Results from 45 patients (84% women) indicate that RISE was associated with significant pretreatment to posttreatment improvements in self-efficacy, depression, and valued living (Cohen’s d s of 0.97, 1.09, and 0.51, respectively). Patients reported high satisfaction with treatment. Though preliminary results were similar across gender and IPV types, findings from the evaluation of the pilot implementation of RISE demonstrate the intervention’s feasibility, acceptability, and clinical utility in routine VHA care and inform the scalability of RISE. Additionally, findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness and acceptability of RISE with men. Modification to RISE and its implementation are discussed, which may be useful to other settings implementing IPV interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

14 pages, 1002 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence and Online Help-Seeking: A Moderated Mediation Model of Emotion Dysregulation and Perceived Anonymity

by Heng Xu, Jun Zeng, Zheng Cao and Huihui Hao

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8330; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148330 - 7 Jul 2022

Viewed by 2146

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns and isolation have limited the availability of face-to-face support services for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite the growing need for online help in supporting IPV victims, far less is known about the underlying mechanisms between IPV and online help-seeking. We studied the mediating role of emotion dysregulation (ED) and the moderating role of perceived anonymity (PA) on the internet to explain IPV victims’ willingness of online help-seeking (WOHS). Through a PROCESS analysis of the questionnaire data (n = 510, 318 female, 192 male, M_age = 22.41 years), the results demonstrate that: (1) ED has been linked with the experience of IPV, and IPV significantly induces ED. (2) When IPV victims realize the symptoms of ED, they have a strong willingness to seek external intervention to support themselves. ED mediates the relationship between IPV and online help-seeking. (3) For youth growing up in the era of social networking sites (SNS), personal privacy protection is an important factor when seeking online help. The anonymity of the internet has a positive effect on victims who experience IPV and ED, and it increases WOHS. This study introduces a new perspective on the psychological mechanism behind IPV victims’ help-seeking behaviors, and it suggests that the improvement of anonymity in online support can be an effective strategy for assisting IPV victims. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

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27 pages, 462 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Women’s Lived Experiences with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): How TANF Can Better Support Women’s Wellbeing and Reduce Intimate Partner Violence

by Rachael A. Spencer, Emily D. Lemon, Kelli A. Komro, Melvin D. Livingston and Briana Woods-Jaeger

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031170 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3734

Abstract

Women experiencing poverty are more likely to face intimate partner violence (IPV), poor health, and stigma. IPV survivors are overrepresented among those who receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a conditional cash program serving families experiencing poverty. More generous TANF policies may be protective against IPV, but a greater insight into TANF’s effect could be gleaned through a contemporaneous study that examines intersecting determinants of wellbeing and engages community interpretation of findings. Using an adapted Family Stress Model framework and analyzing data through an intersectional and community-based lens, we explore the impact of TANF on women’s wellbeing through in-depth, semi-structured interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic with 13 women who had TANF experience in three U.S. states. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA and researchers facilitated three member-checking events to enhance validity of result interpretation. Four themes emerged: (1) Low cash and conditional benefits provided limited short-term “relief” but contributed to poverty and hard choices; (2) TANF benefit levels and conditions increased women’s dependence on others, straining relationships; (3) Women undertook extraordinary measures to access TANF, largely to fulfill their roles as mothers; and (4) TANF stigma creates psychological stress, differentially experienced by African Americans. Increasing TANF cash benefits and other cash transfers for those experiencing poverty, adopting solely state funded TANF programs, increasing funding for TANF administration, addressing TANF stigma and racialized narratives, and allowing optional child support participation or a larger “pass-through” of child support are important steps toward making TANF more protective against IPV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

Review

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24 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessReview

Indigenous Cultural Safety in Recognizing and Responding to Family Violence: A Systematic Scoping Review

by Ilana Allice, Anita Acai, Ayda Ferdossifard, Christine Wekerle and Melissa Kimber

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16967; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416967 - 17 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3370

Abstract

This systematic scoping review synthesizes the recommended approaches for providing culturally safe family violence interventions to Indigenous peoples in health care and social service settings. A total of 3783 sources were identified through our electronic database searches, hand-searching of Indigenous-focused journals, and backward and forward citation chaining. After screening those sources in duplicate, 28 papers were included for synthesis in June 2020. Forward citation chaining of these 28 included articles in June 2022 identified an additional 304 possible articles for inclusion; following the screening of those 304 articles, an additional 6 were retained in the review. Thus, a total of 34 articles were included for data extraction and narrative synthesis. Initial results were presented to members of the Six Nations of the Grand River Youth Mental Wellness Committee, and their feedback was incorporated into our inductive organization of findings. Our findings represent three thematic areas that reflect key recommendations for health care and social service provision to Indigenous families for whom family violence is a concern: (1) creating the conditions for cultural safety; (2) healing at the individual and community level; and (3) system-level change. These findings demonstrate the need to center Indigenous peoples and perspectives in the development and implementation of cultural safety approaches, to acknowledge and address historically contingent causes of past and present family violence including colonization and related state policies, and to transform knowledge and power relationships at the provider, organization, and government level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

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12 pages, 630 KiB

Open AccessReview

Health Service Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence among Military Personnel and Veterans: A Framework and Scoping Review

by Sean Cowlishaw, Alyssa Sbisa, Isabella Freijah, Dzenana Kartal, Ashlee Mulligan, MaryAnn Notarianni, Katherine Iverson, Anne-Laure Couineau, David Forbes, Meaghan O’Donnell, Andrea Phelps, Patrick Smith and Fardous Hosseiny

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3551; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063551 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3620

Abstract

IPV is a significant concern among active duty (AD) military personnel or veterans, and there is a need for initiatives to address violence perpetrated by such personnel, and IPV victimisation in military and veteran-specific contexts. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of major IPV intervention approaches and evidence in military and veteran-specific health services. A scoping review was conducted involving a systematic search of all available published studies describing IPV interventions in military and veteran-specific health services. Findings were synthesised narratively, and in relation to a conceptual framework that distinguishes across prevention, response, and recovery-oriented strategies. The search identified 19 studies, all from the U.S., and only three comprised randomised trials. Initiatives addressed both IPV perpetration and victimisation, with varied interventions targeting the latter, including training programs, case identification and risk assessment strategies, and psychosocial interventions. Most initiatives were classified as responses to IPV, with one example of indicated prevention. The findings highlight an important role for specific health services in addressing IPV among AD personnel and veterans, and signal intervention components that should be considered. The limited amount of empirical evidence indicates that benefits of interventions remain unclear, and highlights the need for targeted research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

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Other

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12 pages, 349 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Leveraging Integrated Primary Care to Enhance the Health System Response to IPV: Moving toward Primary Prevention Primary Care

by Nicole Trabold, Paul R. King, Jr., Dev Crasta, Katherine M. Iverson, Cory A. Crane, Katherine Buckheit, Stephen C. Bosco and Jennifer S. Funderburk

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(9), 5701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095701 - 1 May 2023

Viewed by 1909

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prominent public health problem in the United States, with significant health impacts that are often severe and persistent. Healthcare systems have been called upon to improve both the systematic identification and treatment of IPV largely by adopting secondary and tertiary prevention efforts. Research to date demonstrates both benefits and challenges with the current strategies employed. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge about the healthcare system’s response to IPV and evaluate the strengths, limitations, and opportunities. We offer recommendations to broaden the continuum of healthcare resources to address IPV, which include a population health approach to primary prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

17 pages, 630 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Community-Based Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in India

by Mona Mittal, Anna Paden McCormick, Manjushree Palit, Nicole Trabold and Chelsea Spencer

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5277; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075277 - 27 Mar 2023

Viewed by 2594

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) in India remains an entrenched and prevalent public health issue. Despite ample evidence of the widespread problem of IPV in India and associated mental and physical morbidities, far less is known about intervention models to reduce IPV in India. The aims of this meta-analysis and systematic review are to assess the effectiveness of community-based interventions to reduce IPV in India and to provide a narrative synthesis of these intervention approaches. A total of 9 databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed, English-language articles published between January 2000 and September 2022. The search identified 10 studies that met study inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized control trials, 4 quasi-experimental, 2 pre/post, and 1 time-series evaluation. Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was notable variation in the interventions and approaches employed to reduce IPV and varying measurement of IPV outcomes. The results of the meta-analysis show that participating in community-based IPV interventions produced a significant reduction in IPV among women. When considering different types of IPV, study participants were less likely to report physical and psychological IPV victimization. In addition, participants were also less likely to report approving of IPV after participating in community-based IPV interventions. Community-based interventions and research addressing IPV are still evolving in India. Missing descriptions of theoretical frameworks, sampling, intervention design, and inadequately reported effectiveness of intervention (both quantitative and qualitative reporting) need to be addressed. Moreover, long-term evaluations of the pilot interventions are needed to provide a clear picture of the long-term effectiveness, sustainability, and replicability of the community-based IPV interventions. The findings have implications for researchers, practitioners (community health workers, clinicians, and social workers), and policymakers keen on IPV reduction in India and globally. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

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14 pages, 330 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Once upon a Pandemic: ‘Online’ Therapeutic Groupwork for Infants and Mothers Impacted by Family Violence

by Wendy Bunston, Dianne J. Haufe, Jillian R. Wallis, Robyn Fletcher and Adrian J. Mether

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16143; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316143 - 2 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1180

Abstract

This case study describes the transition to an ‘online’ delivery of an evaluated infant mental health group work intervention for infants/mothers impacted by family violence during the COVID 19 pandemic. The imperative to provide early intervention to infants and their mother is outlined. The model and practice principles integral to this intervention are provided and described are four separate groups run online within two different Australian cities. Facilitators of the groups found that they were able to hold the infants and mothers safely in the online space despite the unexpected presence of others in the families’ homes. The home-based nature of the work caused by lockdown restrictions revealed a transparency not found in office-based work, whilst simultaneously, evoking some discomfort. The ease with which infants and young children embraced technology worked in favor of using the online space. Playful, restorative, and creative ways of engaging with a highly vulnerable cohort of families were achieved; enhancing relational repair following both family violence and the isolation created by restrictions imposed by lockdowns. Despite an initial hesitancy to move online, the authors discovered meaningful ways through which to engage, treat and provide safe relational repair work with infants and their mothers impacted by family violence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intimate Partner Violence Interventions in Social and Healthcare Settings)

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