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Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 61222

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Juan Carlos Sierra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mind, Brain, and Behavioral Research Center, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
Interests: sexual satisfaction; sexual functioning; sexual attitudes; sexual psychophysiology; orgasm; sexual diversity; sexual health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cristóbal Calvillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
Interests: sexual satisfaction; sexual functioning; sexual attitudes; sexual psychophysiology; orgasm; sexual diversity; sexual health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Health, sexual health, sexual satisfaction, and sexual functioning are closely related concepts. The World Health Organization defines sexual health as a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality, which implies pleasant and safe sexual experiences. Thus, sexual health is closely related to sexual satisfaction. A dimension of sexuality clearly associated with sexual satisfaction is sexual functioning: desire, arousal, and orgasm are concepts linked to the concept of sexual satisfaction. At present, sexual satisfaction is considered a relevant factor in people's quality of life. Improving health and quality of life requires research in fields such as sexual function and satisfaction.

For this Special Issue, we encourage researchers in human sexuality to submit manuscripts on sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction, and the relationships of this factors with health. Studies on sexual desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction are of interest, as are those on sexual diversity or in populations of different ages (young people, adults, or the elderly), as well as studies that present instruments for assessing sexual functioning and satisfaction. Presentations can be in the form of original articles, brief reports, or critical reviews (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Healthcare.

Prof. Dr. Juan Carlos Sierra
Dr. Cristóbal Calvillo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sexual functioning
  • sexual satisfaction
  • sexual response
  • sexual desire
  • sexual excitation
  • orgasm
  • sexual health

Published Papers (17 papers)

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9 pages, 604 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of the Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in the First and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy in a Sample of Spanish Women
by Francisco Javier del Río Olvera, Yolanda Sánchez-Sandoval, Antonio Daniel García-Rojas, Susana Rodríguez-Vargas and Javier Ruiz-Ruiz
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 3955; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053955 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3241
Abstract
Sexuality is a central aspect for all human beings. Research into the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnant Spanish women is scarce. The aim of this work is to examine the prevalence of risk of sexual dysfunctions in pregnant Spanish women and determine [...] Read more.
Sexuality is a central aspect for all human beings. Research into the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnant Spanish women is scarce. The aim of this work is to examine the prevalence of risk of sexual dysfunctions in pregnant Spanish women and determine in which trimester the greatest difficulties in sexual response occur. The sample consisted of 180 pregnant Spanish women, with an average age of 32.03 years (SD = 4.93). The participants completed a questionnaire for socio-demographic data, as well as the female sexual function index, the state/trait depression inventory, and the dyadic adjustment scale. The results indicate that the percentage of women with a risk of sexual dysfunction was 65% in the first trimester and 81.11% in the third trimester. Likewise, the highest score on the depression questionnaire was in the third trimester, and the couple’s relationship also improved in the third trimester. To improve women’s sex lives during pregnancy, it is recommended to increase sexual education and information for both pregnant women and their partners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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15 pages, 368 KiB  
Article
Influence of Selected Sociodemographic and Cultural Factors on the Age of Sexual Initiation of Students from Polish Universities
by Maciej Stokłosa, Iga Stokłosa, Gniewko Więckiewicz, Mateusz Porwolik, Maciej Bugajski, Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg, Robert Pudlo, Piotr Gorczyca and Magdalena Piegza
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3468; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043468 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1265
Abstract
Sexuality is the one of the most important parts of human life. The aim of our study was to identify the factors influencing the onset and age of sexual initiation in students and drawing attention to the need to improve access to sexual [...] Read more.
Sexuality is the one of the most important parts of human life. The aim of our study was to identify the factors influencing the onset and age of sexual initiation in students and drawing attention to the need to improve access to sexual education in Polish schools at a sufficiently high level. An original questionnaire with 31 questions was used for the study. Data were collected using the Google Forms tool. A total of 7528 students participated in the study and 5824 underwent sexual initiation. The mean age at sexual initiation was 18.1 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed to show factors influencing the onset of sexual activity, while linear regression analysis was used for factors influencing the age of sexual initiation. Religion, drug use, smoking, alcohol consumption, type of housing, and conversations with parents about contraception or sex affect the onset of sexual activity. The age of sexual initiation is affected by religion, the age of the first viewing of pornography, quality of life, the size of the city of residence, smoking and drug use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
13 pages, 616 KiB  
Article
Measurement Invariance across Sexual Orientation for Measures of Sexual Attitudes
by Laura Elvira Muñoz-García, Carmen Gómez-Berrocal, Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme and Juan Carlos Sierra
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 1820; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031820 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1937
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the study of sexual attitudes across sexual orientation, few studies have tested whether the instruments used to measure them are invariant. This study examined measurement invariance (configural, weak, strong, and strict) across sexual orientation in three different sexual [...] Read more.
Despite the growing interest in the study of sexual attitudes across sexual orientation, few studies have tested whether the instruments used to measure them are invariant. This study examined measurement invariance (configural, weak, strong, and strict) across sexual orientation in three different sexual attitude scales: the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS) to assess erotophilia, the Hurlbert Index of Sexual Fantasy (HISF) to assess attitudes toward sexual fantasies, and the Negative Attitudes Toward Masturbation Inventory (NATMI) to assess negative attitudes toward masturbation. A total of 2293 Spanish adult men and women with different sexual orientations (i.e., heterosexual, bisexual, and gay) participated in the study. The results indicated strict invariance for HISF across sexual orientation and only weak invariance for SOS and NATMI. Differential item functioning was also found in two items of the NATMI scale. Evidence of validity was provided for the three scales that were studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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17 pages, 1277 KiB  
Article
Understanding Serial Mediators of Problematic Pornography Use in Pakistani Men and Women
by Khifza Bibi, Ambreen Fatima, Rizwana Amin and David L. Rowland
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114336 - 02 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7454
Abstract
In the current digital environment, satisfying sexual needs via Internet pornography use has the potential to develop into a problem that affects one’s psychological health and daily functioning. The aim of this study was to examine potential cognitive and affective factors that could [...] Read more.
In the current digital environment, satisfying sexual needs via Internet pornography use has the potential to develop into a problem that affects one’s psychological health and daily functioning. The aim of this study was to examine potential cognitive and affective factors that could help explain the maintenance and exacerbation of self-defined problematic internet pornography use. Methods: 280 Pakistani men and women (mean age = 25.40; SD = 5.271, range 18–50) who were current pornography users were recruited through social networking sites (Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, WhatsApp groups) to participate in an online study about pathways to problematic pornography use (PPU). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate path analysis coefficients extending from predisposing variables (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and loneliness) to PPU via the mediating variables of craving, dysfunctional sexual coping, and stimulus-specific inhibitory control. Results: Craving mediated the relationship between three predisposing variables (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and PPU, though not the fourth, namely loneliness. Indirect effects of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem were significantly linked to PPU through two serial mediation pathways: (a) craving and stimulus-specific inhibitory control, and (b) craving and dysfunctional sexual coping. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that craving, stimulus-specific inhibitory control, and dysfunctional coping serve as important mediators in maintaining and exacerbating the cycle between negative predisposing variables and PPU. These results are interpreted within the general framework of therapeutic interventions that can help develop positive coping skills in individuals seeking to alter self-perceived bothersome or unwanted habits related to pornography use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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11 pages, 366 KiB  
Article
Sexually Explicit Material and Its Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables, Sexual Satisfaction, and Relationship Satisfaction in a Spanish Sample
by Natalia Sánchez-Lamadrid, María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes, Nieves Moyano and Reina Granados
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14131; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114131 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1702
Abstract
Previous research that has examined the use of sexually explicit material (SEM) in the Spanish population and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, sexual satisfaction, and satisfaction with the relationship are practically non-existent. Therefore, the main goal was to analyze the pattern of use [...] Read more.
Previous research that has examined the use of sexually explicit material (SEM) in the Spanish population and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, sexual satisfaction, and satisfaction with the relationship are practically non-existent. Therefore, the main goal was to analyze the pattern of use of SEM (frequency, format, context, content, and purpose of its use) and its relationship with sociodemographic variables (sex, age, sexual orientation, educational level, religiosity, status of partner, number of sexual partners, and age of first exposure to SEM), sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction. The sample consisted of 221 participants, with an average age equal to 29.88 years (SD = 9.73) and of Spanish nationality. All participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as the Spanish adaptations of the Sexual Media Questionnaire, Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, and Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction. Based on the results, it was found that men use SEM more frequently than women, that the age of first exposure is 14 years old, the most used pattern of SEM is internet websites with sexual content in which adult men and women appear, and the way to visualize it is alone as private stimulation. In addition, it was shown that a higher frequency of SEM use implies a decrease in sexual satisfaction and vice versa, while there is no association between the frequency of SEM use and satisfaction with the relationship. The importance of considering the use of SEM, both in research on sexual satisfaction and in clinical practice, is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
11 pages, 1259 KiB  
Article
Temporal Trends and Differences in Sexuality among Depressed and Non-Depressed Adults in the United States
by Weiya Li, Yu Wang, Mingyu Xu, Yingxue Liao, Haofeng Zhou, Huan Ma and Qingshan Geng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14010; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114010 - 27 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1002
Abstract
This study aimed to examine temporal trends and differences in sexuality between depressed and non-depressed adults aged 18–59 in the United States from 2005 to 2016. A total of 21,437 people (5432 with depression) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. From 2005–2008 to [...] Read more.
This study aimed to examine temporal trends and differences in sexuality between depressed and non-depressed adults aged 18–59 in the United States from 2005 to 2016. A total of 21,437 people (5432 with depression) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. From 2005–2008 to 2013–2016, the average age at first sexual intercourse decreased, while the proportion of normal frequency of sexual activity and heterosexual sexual orientation increased among all the participants. Some differences in sexuality were found between the depressed and non-depressed groups. The average age at first sexual intercourse (p < 0.001), the proportion of normal frequency of sexual activity (p < 0.001), and heterosexual sexual orientation (p < 0.001) were lower in depressed participants, and the differences did not change over time (pfor trend = 0.926 of average age at first sexual intercourse, pfor trend = 0.823 of normal frequency of sexual activity, pfor trend = 0.926 of heterosexual sexual orientation). Moreover, these differences were associated with marital status (pfor interaction < 0.001 by average age at first sexual intercourse), employment status (pfor interaction < 0.001 by average age at first sexual intercourse), education status (pfor interaction = 0.023 by heterosexual sexual orientation) and family income status (pfor interaction = 0.013 by average age at first sexual intercourse and pfor interaction = 0.017 by normal frequency of sexual activity). In conclusion, the study found that the age at first sexual intercourse decreased and the frequency of sexual intercourse increased in all the participants, and differences in sexuality between depressed and non-depressed participants were present; however, these differences had no further increase or decrease during the 12-year period. These differences were associated with marital status, employment status, education status, and family income status. These findings show differences in sexuality between depressed and non-depressed patients but are somewhat different from previous studies; the results may provide directions for future research and social work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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11 pages, 364 KiB  
Article
Substance Use in Sexual Relationships: Association with Sexual Assertiveness and Sexual Satisfaction
by Paula López de Juan Abad and Ana Isabel Arcos-Romero
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13645; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013645 - 21 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1674
Abstract
Background: The main objective was to examine sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction in people who have sex under the influence of alcohol and drugs, considering the type of substance consumed, the frequency of consumption, gender, and sexual orientation. Methods: The sample consisted of [...] Read more.
Background: The main objective was to examine sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction in people who have sex under the influence of alcohol and drugs, considering the type of substance consumed, the frequency of consumption, gender, and sexual orientation. Methods: The sample consisted of 274 adults who had sexual relationships consuming substances. A questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, sexual history and substance use items, the Sexual Assertiveness Scale and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction were administered. Results: Gender differences were found in sexual assertiveness and in the frequency of substance use. Women reported greater sexual assertiveness and greater alcohol consumption. Men reported greater consumption of different types of substances. Furthermore, bisexual participants showed greater assertiveness and STI prevention. Homosexual participants reported a higher frequency of the consumption of poppers, mephedrone, and GBL/GHB. Sexual assertiveness was associated with sexual satisfaction. Greater consumption of some types of substances was related to sexual assertiveness, STI prevention, and sexual satisfaction. Conclusions: The association found between sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction in a specific context of substance use in sexual relationships corroborates the important role that these psychosexual variables have in sexual health, in view of the frequency and type of drug consumed, gender, and sexual orientation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
17 pages, 1088 KiB  
Article
The Measurement of Love: Psychometric Properties and Preliminary Findings of the Short Love Scale (SLS-12) in a Polish Sample
by Alicja Kozakiewicz, Zbigniew Izdebski and Joanna Mazur
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13269; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013269 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2524
Abstract
There has been a perceived need for the development of instruments to assess relationship quality and love. The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the Short Love Scale (SLS-12) and to compare different measurement models. Data were collected [...] Read more.
There has been a perceived need for the development of instruments to assess relationship quality and love. The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric properties of the Short Love Scale (SLS-12) and to compare different measurement models. Data were collected using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) in Poland in early 2022 (18–60 years old; n = 941) among individuals living in formal or informal monogamous relationships. Both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor (CFA) analyses were performed on two different subsamples obtained through random splitting of the full datafile. There were 12 items considered, which form three dimensions in accordance with the theoretical basis. CFA analysis confirmed good psychometric properties of the three-factor SLS-12 model based on EFA solution: χ2(47) = 146.802 (p ˂ 0.001); χ2/df = 3.123; CFI = 0.981, TLI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.067 (90% CI 0.055–0.080), GFI = 0.952, AGFI = 0.921. SLS-12 subindices varied according to gender and relationship status. Based on ROC curve method, it may be assumed that scores on the SLS-12 ranging from 12 to 44 indicate a poor relationship, scores ranging from 45 to 52 a moderately good relationship, and scores of 53 to 60 a very good relationship. Improving and increasing the range of measures of love available to researchers remains an important task in supporting the progress of this area of research. Further research should be conducted among people of all ages living in both formal and informal relationships using the Short Love Scale-12 outlined in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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27 pages, 741 KiB  
Article
Going beyond “With a Partner” and “Intercourse”: Does Anything Else Influence Sexual Satisfaction among Women? The Sexual Satisfaction Comprehensive Index
by Adelaida I. Ogallar-Blanco, Raquel Lara-Moreno and Débora Godoy-Izquierdo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10232; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610232 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1916
Abstract
The validated tools for measuring sexual satisfaction (SS) assess in fact other phenomena such as sexual functioning, assess SS within the context of a romantic heterosexual relationship and intercourse-type activity or were designed to be applied only in therapeutic or rehabilitation contexts. Consequently, [...] Read more.
The validated tools for measuring sexual satisfaction (SS) assess in fact other phenomena such as sexual functioning, assess SS within the context of a romantic heterosexual relationship and intercourse-type activity or were designed to be applied only in therapeutic or rehabilitation contexts. Consequently, they offer an incomplete understanding of SS, particularly among women. We thus developed an alternative measure of SS, the Sexual Satisfaction Comprehensive Index (SSCI), considering both the individual and with-a-partner dimensions, as well as the actual and desired experiences of satisfaction, along with other dimensions affecting SS, and explored its psychometric properties. A total of 1080 young to mid-aged women with different sociodemographic, relationship and sexual identity backgrounds voluntarily completed several measures of SS, including the SSCI. Results showed that the SSCI is a reliable measure for assessing SS. An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the latent multidimensional structure of the SSCI, supporting its factorial validity. In addition, the SSCI showed appropriate convergent validity with other measures commonly used to assess SS. In sum, the SSCI was revealed to be a useful multidimensional index of SS for research and practice contexts which allows the practitioner or the researcher to make decisions on which dimension(s) are to be evaluated. This study focused on women’s SS, and future research with other gender, sexual and cultural identities is necessary to support its utility in multi-identity and multi-sexuality scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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15 pages, 363 KiB  
Article
Sexual Dysfunction and Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Wojciech Tański, Krzysztof Dudek, Anna Tomasiewicz and Natalia Świątoniowska-Lonc
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 3088; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053088 - 06 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2315
Abstract
Background: Sexual health is a major component of human well-being. As repeatedly shown in research, satisfaction with sex life and sexual fulfillment correlate positively with quality of life (QoL) in most of its aspects. It is thus true that a reduced quality of [...] Read more.
Background: Sexual health is a major component of human well-being. As repeatedly shown in research, satisfaction with sex life and sexual fulfillment correlate positively with quality of life (QoL) in most of its aspects. It is thus true that a reduced quality of one’s sex life and lack of sexual fulfillment can contribute to poorer QoL overall. The aim of this study is to describe an assessment of sexual dysfunction and factors affecting sexual dysfunctions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and methods: 171 consecutive RA patients (mean age 48.3 ± 14.6) attending the rheumatology outpatient clinic. Standardized questionnaires used in the study were the sexological questionnaire, WHOQOL-BREF to assess QoL level, Disease Acceptance Scale, and VAS scale to assess pain intensity. Results: The mean duration of the disease in the study group was 13 ± 9 years, mean score of subjective assessment of mobility was 6.2 ± 1.6, and the mean score of the DAS-28 was 4.0 ± 1.9. The study group presented a mean level of disease acceptance (AIS 29.6 ± 11.6). The comparative analysis showed significant differences in reaching orgasm and declared sexual dysfunctions. These problems occurred more often in women than in men (34.2% vs. 18% and 43% vs. 40%, respectively). In univariate analysis, factors correlating positively with the frequency of declaring sexual dysfunction were subjective motor score less < 6 points, AIS < 36 points, WHOQOL-BREF < 59 points, disease activity ≥3.5 points, and VAS > 3. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent factors positively correlating with frequency of sexual dysfunction declaration were general QoL (β = 1.255; p = 0.035) and pain limiting social life (β = 1.564; p = 0.030). The absence of comorbidities correlated negatively and reduced the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (β = −1.030; p = 0.043). Patients with reduced QoL and patients with pain limiting social life had 3.5 and 4.8 times higher risk of sexual dysfunction than other patients, respectively. In contrast, those without comorbidities were 2.8 times more likely to be free of sexual dysfunction than those diagnosed with other chronic diseases besides RA. Conclusions: Sexual dysfunction is an emerging problem in both men and women with RA. The absence of comorbidities is an independent determinant of sexual dysfunction, whereas poor QoL and pain limiting social life are independent determinants that exacerbate sexual dysfunction in both genders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
11 pages, 317 KiB  
Article
Sexual Addiction, Hypersexual Behavior and Relative Psychological Dynamics during the Period of Social Distancing and Stay-at-Home Policies Due to COVID-19
by Pasquale Caponnetto, Marilena Maglia, Graziella Chiara Prezzavento and Concetta Pirrone
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2704; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052704 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7920
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased stress factors affected people’s motivations to engage in potentially addictive behaviors. Sexuality, understood as one of the psychological aspects to be investigated to explore the level of psychological well-being of a person, has suffered considerable repercussions due to [...] Read more.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased stress factors affected people’s motivations to engage in potentially addictive behaviors. Sexuality, understood as one of the psychological aspects to be investigated to explore the level of psychological well-being of a person, has suffered considerable repercussions due to the pandemic. A growing body of evidence suggests an unprecedented increase in Internet use and online pornography consumption during the pandemic. Since March 2020, during the lockdown period, Pornhub has seen a worldwide increase in pornography use of 11.6% compared to the previous average days. This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the possible increasing use of pornographic material during the lockdown period, in order to assess whether dysfunctional behaviors, such as compulsive behaviors, and thoughts of sex-related obsessives can lead to hypersexual behavior or a more severe Sexual Addiction. The individuals who participated in our research were 18 years of age or older (mean 23.1, s.d. 5.8), and 48% male and 52% females and were recruited online to complete a self-report questionnaire in the period between April 2020 and April 2021. The questionnaires were delivered via main social networks. The tool used for our survey was the SAST (Sexual Addiction Screening Test), a questionnaire including socio-demographic data and data relating to sexual practices, such as sexual orientation and time spent on the Internet for sexual activities. The results revealed significant differences concerning the various factors investigated such as loss of control, addictive symptoms and hide score. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
14 pages, 944 KiB  
Article
Validation of the Orgasm Rating Scale in Context of Sexual Relationships of Gay and Lesbian Adults
by Pablo Mangas, Reina Granados, Oscar Cervilla and Juan Carlos Sierra
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020887 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4064
Abstract
Currently, no validated instrument exists for assessing the subjective experience of orgasm in the gay population. The Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS), previously validated in the heterosexual population, comprises four dimensions: Affective, Sensory, Intimacy, and Rewards. This study validated it for sexual relationships in [...] Read more.
Currently, no validated instrument exists for assessing the subjective experience of orgasm in the gay population. The Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS), previously validated in the heterosexual population, comprises four dimensions: Affective, Sensory, Intimacy, and Rewards. This study validated it for sexual relationships in the gay population by obtaining its factorial invariance by sexual orientation and sex, its internal consistency reliability, and evidence of validity in its relationship with other variables. We assessed 1600 cisgender Spanish adults–heterosexuals, gays, and lesbians–divided into 4, sex-based groups of 400 each, according to the Kinsey scale scores. Participants reported recent experiences of orgasm in the context of sexual relationships and responded to the ORS and other scales assessing attitude toward sexual fantasies and sexual functioning. The ORS structure showed a strict multigroup-level invariance by sexual orientation and sex, confirming its four-dimensional structure. The subjective orgasm intensity was associated with a positive attitude toward sexual fantasies and sexual functioning. Scores obtained on the Affective, Intimacy, and Rewards dimensions confirmed the ability to discriminate between gay people with and without orgasmic difficulties. The ORS’s Spanish version presents good psychometric properties as a validated scale to evaluate the subjective experience of orgasm in the gay population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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15 pages, 890 KiB  
Article
Female Sexual Dysfunction and Pelvic Floor Muscle Function Associated with Systemic Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Barbora Heřmánková, Maja Špiritović, Hana Šmucrová, Sabína Oreská, Hana Štorkánová, Martin Komarc, Karel Pavelka, Ladislav Šenolt, Jiří Vencovský, Radim Bečvář and Michal Tomčík
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010612 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3097
Abstract
Only a few studies have addressed sexual health in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study aimed to compare female sexual function and pelvic floor muscle function in SSc patients with healthy controls (HC) matched by age, and to identify the potential implications [...] Read more.
Only a few studies have addressed sexual health in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study aimed to compare female sexual function and pelvic floor muscle function in SSc patients with healthy controls (HC) matched by age, and to identify the potential implications of clinical features on sexual function. Our cohort included 90 women with SSc and 90 HC aged 18–70 years that completed six well-established and validated questionnaires assessing sexual function (Brief Index of Sexual Function for Women, Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire–Female, Sexual Function Questionnaire) and pelvic floor function (Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire–Short Form 7 and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire Short Form). Results from women with SSc and HC were contrasted and correlated with relevant clinical features. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 73% in SSc patients (vs. 31% in HC). Women with SSc reported significantly worse pelvic floor function and sexual function than HC. Impaired sexual function was correlated with higher disease activity, the presence of dyspnea and interstitial lung disease, increased systemic inflammation, reduced physical activity, functional disability, more severe depression, more pronounced fatigue, and impaired quality of life. We demonstrate that sexual dysfunction is highly prevalent among women with SSc. This aspect of the disease deserves more attention both in clinical care and at the level of international research collaboration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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12 pages, 496 KiB  
Article
Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W-E)
by Regina Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández, Rosana Garrido-Santamaria, Raquel Urra-Martínez, Paula Sáenz-Cabredo, Jesús Martínez-Tofe, Amaya Burgos-Esteban, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Isabel Antón-Solanas, Iván Santolalla-Arnedo and Raúl Juárez-Vela
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9663; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189663 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
Background: Sexual satisfaction is a complex and multidimensional concept. It encompasses physical, emotional, relational and cultural dimensions, and constitutes an essential component of sexual health, as well as an indicator of quality of life and wellbeing. The Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W) [...] Read more.
Background: Sexual satisfaction is a complex and multidimensional concept. It encompasses physical, emotional, relational and cultural dimensions, and constitutes an essential component of sexual health, as well as an indicator of quality of life and wellbeing. The Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W) was designed in the United States, and it is a valid and reliable tool to measure women’s sexual satisfaction. Aim: The aim of this study was to culturally adapt and translate the SSS-W into Spanish and analyze its psychometric properties. Methods: First, the original instrument was culturally adapted and translated from English to Spanish. Then, we tested the psychometric properties of the instrument in its Spanish version in a sample of 316 women who attended a family planning clinic in Logroño, Spain. Internal consistency reliability of the whole scale and each subscale separately was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. Factorial validity of the SSS-W in its Spanish version was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis through the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sample adequacy and Bartlett’s Sphericity test. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the total scale and each subscale were satisfactory (>0.7). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the five hypothetical dimensions of the scale in its Spanish version. The five dimensions (contentment, communication, compatibility, relational concern, and personal concern) explained 60% of the total variance of the scale; factor analysis using varimax rotation revealed strong loads in each of the five components. Conclusions: The SSS-W in its Spanish version is a valid and reliable tool to assess sexual satisfaction in Spanish women of reproductive age and, therefore, can be used both in clinical practice and for the investigation of sexual health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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16 pages, 1019 KiB  
Article
Association between Psychopathological Dimensions and Sexual Functioning/Sexual Arousal in Young Adults
by Franklin Soler, Reina Granados, Ana I. Arcos-Romero, Cristóbal Calvillo, Ana Álvarez-Muelas, María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes, Nieves Moyano and Juan Carlos Sierra
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3584; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073584 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3112
Abstract
Psychological-psychiatric factors have a different effect on sexual functioning in men and women. This research aimed to examine the association between psychopathological dimensions and dimensions of sexual functioning in Spanish young adults in two studies. Study 1 examined sexual functioning and psychopathological dimensions [...] Read more.
Psychological-psychiatric factors have a different effect on sexual functioning in men and women. This research aimed to examine the association between psychopathological dimensions and dimensions of sexual functioning in Spanish young adults in two studies. Study 1 examined sexual functioning and psychopathological dimensions in 700 women and 516 men. Study 2 conducted an experimental laboratory task to evaluate subjective sexual arousal and genital sensations when watching visual sexual stimuli in a subsample of participants from Study 1 (143 women and 123 men). As a result, the first study showed that depression and anxiety-related symptoms had a negative effect, both in men and women, and having a partner had a positive influence on the dimensions of sexual functioning. The second study showed that anxiety symptoms were positively associated with subjective sexual arousal in both men and women, and anxiety was associated with the assessment of genital sensations in men. The differences between the results of anxiety may be explained because sexual arousal was evaluated in general terms in Study 1, whereas it was evaluated as a state in Study 2. These findings confirm that the presence of psychopathological symptoms contributes to sexual functioning, as well as the necessity of strengthening mental illness prevention programs that include sexual health components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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13 pages, 1315 KiB  
Article
Comparative Assessment of Female Sexual Function Following Transobturator Midurethral Sling for Stress Urinary Incontinence
by Maciej Zalewski, Gabriela Kołodyńska, Agata Zalewska and Waldemar Andrzejewski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(5), 2286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052286 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2486
Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant social problem. According to the World Health Organization, UI affects as much as 30% of premenopausal women and 60% of postmenopausal women. Urinary incontinence can lead to certain problems that negatively affect a woman’s sex life. They [...] Read more.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant social problem. According to the World Health Organization, UI affects as much as 30% of premenopausal women and 60% of postmenopausal women. Urinary incontinence can lead to certain problems that negatively affect a woman’s sex life. They result from the fact that certain processes take place in the body during intercourse. As a result of orgasm, the intra-abdominal pressure increases, which in women with urinary incontinence can cause an uncontrolled leakage of urine. The discomfort that this causes, in turn, lowers sexual attractiveness, as well as causes embarrassment. The study involved 50 patients hospitalized in the period from February to May 2019 at the Gynecology Department of the Independent Public Healthcare Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Wrocław. All patients underwent surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence using the transobturator tape (TOT) method. To assess sexuality, the international standardized Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Analysis of the results obtained from the FSFI questionnaire shows that the operation significantly affects the reduction in pain sensation during intercourse, a reduction in the sensation of sexual arousal, and a worsening vaginal wetness. Stress urinary incontinence significantly affects women’s sex life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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6 pages, 330 KiB  
Brief Report
Dyadic Invariance of the Positive Sexuality Scale in Chilean Heterosexual Couples
by Giulia Casu, Mónica Guzmán-González, Ricardo Espinoza-Tapia, Lusmenia Garrido-Rojas, Jaime Barrientos and Fabiola Gómez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(3), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031190 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1838
Abstract
Gender differences in sexuality-related dimensions have long been investigated in close relationship research. An important assumption when comparing values across gender in dyadic research is that both partners conceptualize the construct under investigation in the same way. Thus, issues of measurement invariance should [...] Read more.
Gender differences in sexuality-related dimensions have long been investigated in close relationship research. An important assumption when comparing values across gender in dyadic research is that both partners conceptualize the construct under investigation in the same way. Thus, issues of measurement invariance should be considered when working with dyadic data. The aim of the present study was to test the dyadic invariance of the Positive Sexuality Scale (PSS) to assess an individual’s sense of happiness and fulfillment with his/her sexual expression. The PSS was completed by 166 Chilean heterosexual couples, and measurement invariance was tested using confirmatory factor analysis within a dyadic framework. Configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict measurement invariance were supported for the PSS original one-factor model. No between-partner difference was found in the PSS latent factor mean. The functioning of the PSS and the meaning attributed to positive sexuality were the same for both partners. Hence, variations in the PSS levels between both partners in heterosexual couples can be interpreted as true mean differences rather than measurement artifacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sexual Functioning, Sexual Satisfaction and Health)
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