International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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The Social Epidemiology of Addictive Behaviors

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Dr. Guillaume Airagnes

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Ambulatory Addictology Center, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre – Paris Cité University, 75014 Paris, France
Interests: alcohol; electronic cigarettes; smoking; cannabis; opioids; benzodiazepines; epidemiology; public health; harm reduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Addictive behaviors are among the first causes of premature death worldwide. Behind genetic factors that account for a considerable weight in vulnerability to addictive behaviors, the role of environmental factors remains a critical area for scientific research, especially since standardized cost-effectiveness preventive strategies exist, whereas acting on genetic factors is not yet on the agenda.

Among environmental factors to consider, social inequalities are well-known risk factors. However, it is time to reconsider their roles in light of the emerging major issues all around the role, e.g., pandemics, wars, environmental disasters, and economic crises.

Regarding occupational factors, unemployment has always been identified as the main occupational risk factor for addictive behaviors. However, at least in western countries, the unprecedented wave of resignations should prompt us to reconsider these associations by examining in-depth the context of job loss. In addition, especially during and after COVID-19 pandemic, important changes have arisen in working conditions (e.g., generalization of teleworking, aggravation of work-family conflicts, technical unemployment, and increase in bore-out issues). Thus, it is important to examine the roles of all these changes on addictive behaviors.

To conclude, refining social epidemiology of addictive behaviors is an urgently needed challenge, and I am convinced that this Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health will provide new insights into this topic.

Dr. Guillaume Airagnes
Guest Editor

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Research

15 pages, 731 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Male Victims of Rape: An Observational Study over Four Years in Paris, France

by Marc Liautard, Céline Deguette, Elizabeth Alcaraz, Hélène Diot, Patricia Vasseur, Charlotte Gorgiard and Laurène Dufayet

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 13909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113909 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3504

Abstract

Sexual violence is a common and under-reported form of violence that affects all categories of individuals. We sought to provide epidemiological data on men aged 15 years and over, victims of rape or suspecting a rape, and who reported it to the police. We conducted a retrospective study at the Department of Forensic Medicine of Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France, between 2018 and 2021. Two-hundred men were included in the study, with an average age of 28.8 years. A vulnerability was mentioned for 17.5% of them. Most of the patients reported anal penetration, committed by a single male assailant, whom they met on the day of the assault. More than 60% of the patients reported the voluntary consumption of alcohol and/or illicit substances prior to the assault. Most patients were examined shortly after the assault (median 1 day). Anal lesions were found on examination in 37.0% of patients reporting anal penetration regardless of the time frame. The presence of anal lesions was statistically higher when patients were examined within 48 h. Our results reinforce the data in the literature on the risk factors associated with sexual violence among men, notably the consumption of alcohol and illicit substances, and psychological, economic, and social vulnerability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Social Epidemiology of Addictive Behaviors)

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12 pages, 1598 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stayin’ Alive in Little 5: Application of Sentiment Analysis to Investigate Emotions of Service Industry Workers Responding to Drug Overdoses

by Sarah Febres-Cordero and Daniel Jackson Smith

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13103; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013103 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2687

Abstract

The opioid epidemic has increasingly been recognized as a public health issue and has challenged our current legal, social, and ethical beliefs regarding drug use. The epidemic not only impacts persons who use drugs, but also those around them, including people who do not expect to witness an overdose. For example, in the commercial district of Little 5 Points, Atlanta, GA, many service industry workers have become de facto responders to opioid overdoses when a person experiences an opioid-involved overdose in their place of employment. To provide additional insights into >300 pages of interview data collected from service industry workers that have responded to an opioid overdose while at work, we utilized a mixed-methods approach to conduct this sentiment analysis. First, using R version 4.2.1, a data-science based textual analytic approach was applied to the interview data. Using a corpus algorithm, each line of interview text was characterized as one of the eight following sentiments, anger, anticipation, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise, or trust. Once having identified statements that fit into each of these eight codes, qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. The three most prevalent emotions elucidated from these interviews with service industry workers were trust, anticipation, and joy with 20.4%, 16.2%, and 14.7% across all statements, respectively labeled as each emotion. Thematic analysis revealed three themes in the data: (1) individuals have a part to address in the opioid epidemic, (2) communities have many needs related to the opioid crisis, and (3) structural forces create pathways and barriers to opioid overdose response and rescue. This analysis thematically identified roles service industry workers have in addressing the opioid crisis in Atlanta. Similarly, community needs and barriers to responding to an opioid-involved overdose were characterized. Uniquely, this study found key sentiments related to each of these themes. Future research can leverage these findings to inform the development of overdose prevention and response interventions for service industry works that systematically address common emotions and beliefs trainees may have. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Social Epidemiology of Addictive Behaviors)

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