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Exercise and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2022) | Viewed by 9579

Special Issue Editors

Center for Exercise Science and Sport, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: exercise physiologist; physical activity and non-communicable diseases; primary and secondary prevention
Center for Exercise Science and Sport, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: exercise physiologist; physical activity and non-communicable diseases; primary and secondary prevention
Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: exercise physiologist; physical activity and non-communicable diseases; primary and secondary prevention; venous and lymphatics diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases are the top cause of death worldwide with an estimated 17.9 million deaths each year (WHO 2020). Raised blood pressure, diabetes, dislypidemia, overweight–obesity, and physical inactivity are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Habitual physical activity is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases mortality both in men and women, and in middle-aged as well as in older individuals. By contrast, subjects with a sedentary lifestyle are at great risk to contract heart disease (and other major chronic diseases, including cancer).

This Special Issue of the IJERPH will include research papers on the effects of physical activity detailed programs on cardiovascular risk factors. Submissions on the utilization of wearable devices to promote and control remote exercise programs are welcome. High-quality narrative and systematic reviews will be considered.

Dr. Simona Mandini
Dr. Gianni Mazzoni
Dr. Erica Menegatti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exercise
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • elevated blood pressure
  • body mass index
  • hyperglycemia
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • hypertriglyceridemia
  • primary prevention
  • secondary prevention

Published Papers (3 papers)

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13 pages, 834 KiB  
Article
Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Event Risk in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
by Mónica Enguita-Germán, Ibai Tamayo, Arkaitz Galbete, Julián Librero, Koldo Cambra and Berta Ibáñez-Beroiz
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312370 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical activity (PA) is one of the few modifiable factors that can reduce this risk. The aim of this study was to estimate to [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical activity (PA) is one of the few modifiable factors that can reduce this risk. The aim of this study was to estimate to what extent PA can contribute to reducing CVD risk and all-cause mortality in patients with T2D. Information from a population-based cohort including 26,587 patients with T2D from the Navarre Health System who were followed for five years was gathered from electronic clinical records. Multivariate Cox regression models were fitted to estimate the effect of PA on CVD risk and all-cause mortality, and the approach was complemented using conditional logistic regression models within a matched nested case–control design. A total of 5111 (19.2%) patients died during follow-up, which corresponds to 37.8% of the inactive group, 23.9% of the partially active group and 12.4% of the active group. CVD events occurred in 2362 (8.9%) patients, which corresponds to 11.6%, 10.1% and 7.6% of these groups. Compared with patients in the inactive group, and after matching and adjusting for confounders, the OR of having a CVD event was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66–1.07) for the partially active group and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56–0.91) for the active group. A slightly more pronounced gradient was obtained when focused on all-cause mortality, with ORs equal to 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61–0.85) and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.42–0.59), respectively. This study provides further evidence that physically active patients with T2D may have a reduced risk of CVD-related complications and all-cause mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Cardiovascular Risk Factors)
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14 pages, 684 KiB  
Article
A Randomized Trial of Tai Chi on Preventing Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients
by Jiansheng Wen and Min Su
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5480; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105480 - 20 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4198
Abstract
In our randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether Wu-style Tai Chi (Tai Chi combined with Daoyin) as a potential exercise prescription is more effective than simplified Tai Chi in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the middle-aged and elderly. We [...] Read more.
In our randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether Wu-style Tai Chi (Tai Chi combined with Daoyin) as a potential exercise prescription is more effective than simplified Tai Chi in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the middle-aged and elderly. We randomly assigned 66 patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia to one of the two groups: the Wu-style Tai Chi group or the simplified Tai Chi group; the simplified Tai Chi group only exercised simplified Tai Chi three times a week for 6 weeks. The Wu-style Tai Chi group participated in 60 min of Wu-style Tai Chi three times a week for 6 weeks. Serum biochemical tests were conducted at baseline and at the end of the study. Measurements of blood pressure were performed at the same time. Primary outcomes were compared within and between groups at baseline and at 6 weeks. The participants in the Wu-style Tai Chi group performed, at 6 weeks, significantly better than baseline on all of the primary outcomes (p value ≤ 0.05). The results also show significant difference within the simplified Tai Chi group from baseline to 6 weeks in TCHO (mmol/L), SBP (mmHg), and LDL-C (mmol/L) (p value < 0.05). From baseline to 6 weeks, the Wu-style Tai Chi group had significant differences at more test indexes in serum and blood pressure than the simplified Tai Chi group. At 6 weeks, the Wu-style Tai Chi group had a significantly greater mean improvement in the SBP (mmHg) than did the simplified Tai Chi group (mean between-group difference, −5.80 (mmHg) [95% CI, −14.01 to 2.41]; p = 0.007). The results showed that, compared with simplified Tai Chi, Wu-style Tai Chi had a better effect on hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly. At 6 weeks in LDL-C (mmol/L), the Wu-style Tai Chi group had significantly greater improvement between the two groups (means between-group difference, −0.45 (mmol/L) [95% CI, −0.89 to −0.17]; p = 0.03). The results showed that Wu-style Tai Chi protected the cardiovascular system of the middle-aged and elderly in improving LDL-C (mmol/L), and was more significant than simplified Tai Chi. After 6 weeks of exercise, Wu-style Tai Chi could effectively improve hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The total effective rate of cardiovascular disease was 90.00%. There was significant difference in the treatment effect of hypertension and hyperlipidemia between the two groups during 6 weeks (p = 0.039), showing that, in a small population of middle-aged and elderly subjects, Wu style Tai Chi could be useful in managing important CV risk factors, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Cardiovascular Risk Factors)
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6 pages, 880 KiB  
Case Report
The Role of Individualized Exercise Prescription in Obesity Management—Case Study
by Márton Dvorák, Miklós Tóth and Pongrác Ács
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 12028; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212028 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2663
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity, or adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD), is one of the most common health risk factors nowadays. Regular exercise—part of complex lifestyle medicine program—is effective treatment for obesity but is still underestimated. Monitoring andindividualization by an exercise professional is needed to define the [...] Read more.
Introduction: Obesity, or adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD), is one of the most common health risk factors nowadays. Regular exercise—part of complex lifestyle medicine program—is effective treatment for obesity but is still underestimated. Monitoring andindividualization by an exercise professional is needed to define the accurate dose effect. Materials and Methods: The 30-week lifestyle change program of a 65-year-old male patient (body mass index (BMI) 43.8 kg/m2) was followed by a medical doctor, exercise physiologist, and nutritionist. Over regular controls and blood tests, each training activity was measured with a heart rate monitor watch, and a diet diary was written. Results: Bodyweight decreased by 24.1 kg (18.4%) and BMI to 35.8 kg/m2. Decreased resting heart rate (from 72 bpm to 63 bpm), diastolic blood pressure (from 72 mmHg to 67 mmHg), and increased systolic blood pressure (from 126 mmHg to 135 mmHg) were reported, besides the reduction in antihypertensive and antidiabetic medicines. Blood test results and fitness level improved, and daily steps and time spent training increased. Conclusions: Lifestyle medicine with professional support is an effective and long-term treatment for ABCD. Individualized exercise and nutritional therapy are essential, and wearable technology with telemedicine consultation also has an important role. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Cardiovascular Risk Factors)
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