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Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Outcomes: Interventional and Observational Approaches

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 18390

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aldair José De Oliveira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Social Dimensions Applied to Physical Activity and Sport (LABSAFE), Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890000, Brazil
Interests: epidemiology of physical activity; cohort studies; physical activity intervations and determinants of physical activity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness have been linked to health benefits. However, the scientific literature still needs more findings regarding the relationship between physical activity/cardiorespiratory fitness and several health outcomes. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between physical activity/cardiorespiratory fitness and physical or mental health outcomes in different populations (i.e., older adults, cancer survivals, children, adolescents, overweight individuals, people with disabilities, employees, and others). New research papers reporting interventional or observational approaches are welcome to this Special Issue. Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses aiming investigate relationships between domains of physical activity and health outcomes will also be considered. Papers dealing with alternative approaches to derive cardiorespiratory fitness, as non-exercise equations, are also welcome. Methodological papers will also be accepted if they focus on methodological challenges of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness measures.

Dr. Aldair José De Oliveira
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physical activity
  • physical exercise
  • cardiorespiratory fitness
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • mental health
  • obesity
  • cardiovascular health
  • disease prevention
  • epidemiology studies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 653 KiB  
Article
Association between Sedentary Behavior and Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Cross-Sectional Results from ELSA-Brasil
by Pricilla de Almeida Moreira, Sheila Maria Alvim de Matos, Francisco José Gondim Pitanga, Luana Giatti, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Rosane Harter Griep, Maria da Conceição Chagas de Almeida and Carlos Antônio de Souza Teles Santos
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14234; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114234 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2659
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to verify the association between Sedentary Behavior (SB) and performance on cognitive function tests in middle-aged and elderly adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 6505 participants (55.2% women) of ELSA-Brasil, with a median age of 61 years. The different [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to verify the association between Sedentary Behavior (SB) and performance on cognitive function tests in middle-aged and elderly adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 6505 participants (55.2% women) of ELSA-Brasil, with a median age of 61 years. The different types of SB considered were sitting time and screen time. The scores obtained in the memory, language, and executive function tests were used to assess cognitive performance (CP). The association between SB and CP was assessed using linear regression. Results: For men, sitting time was associated with better performance in memory, language, and executive function tests. Screen time on the weekend, showed a favorable association with performance in the executive function test. Occupational screen time on weekdays was positively associated with language test performance. For women, sitting time and occupational screen time were positively associated with performance on memory tests. SB was favorably associated with performance in language tests and executive function tests. Conclusions: SB seems to favor CP in this population without evident dementia and with a high level of education. The type of SB (mentally active or passive) and the schooling seem to be of particular interest for cognitive performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Outcomes: Interventional and Observational Approaches)
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9 pages, 632 KiB  
Article
Leisure Time Physical Activity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection among ELSA-Brasil Participants
by Francisco José Gondim Pitanga, Maria da Conceição Almeida, Bruce B. Duncan, José Geraldo Mill, Luana Giatti, Maria del Carmen B. Molina, Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca, Maria Inês Schmidt, Rosane Harter Griep, Sandhi Maria Barreto and Sheila Maria Alvim de Matos
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114155 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2356
Abstract
The regular practice of physical activity (PA) can reduce the chance of aggravation of the disease and lower rates of hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19, but few studies have analyzed the association of PA with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim [...] Read more.
The regular practice of physical activity (PA) can reduce the chance of aggravation of the disease and lower rates of hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19, but few studies have analyzed the association of PA with the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between PA and self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. A longitudinal study was conducted with data from 4476 ELSA-Brasil participants who had their PA analyzed twice, once in 2016–2018 and again in 2020. PA was identified using the IPAQ at both follow-up moments and categorized into four groups: (a) remained physically inactive (reference); (b) remained physically active; (c) became physically active in the second moment; and (d) became physically inactive in the second moment. The variables of age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and specific protective practices against COVID-19 were tested as possible confounders. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used. Remaining physically active was associated with a 43% reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection only among those who used specific practices to protect against COVID-19, OR = 0.57 and CI = 0.32-0.99. The results suggested that regular practice of PA can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among those who have used specific practices to protect against COVID-19 during the pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Outcomes: Interventional and Observational Approaches)
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Review

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12 pages, 1199 KiB  
Review
Comparative Effectiveness of Physical Activity Intervention Programs on Motor Skills in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
by Mohamed A. Hassan, Wenxi Liu, Daniel J. McDonough, Xiwen Su and Zan Gao
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 11914; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911914 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5502
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate how different physical activity (PA) interventions (traditional, exergaming, and teacher/parent education) impacted children’s motor skills (object control, locomotor, and gross motor). Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and [...] Read more.
Objective: To evaluate how different physical activity (PA) interventions (traditional, exergaming, and teacher/parent education) impacted children’s motor skills (object control, locomotor, and gross motor). Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Eligibility criteria: (1) Participants comprised 1708 children 3–12 years; (2) PA or exercise-based interventions were investigated; (3) only studies using a Test of Gross Motor Skills assessment were included; (4) RCT were chosen as the study design to assess the impact of PA interventions on children’s motor skills; and (5) culture-based PA studies with English language only were included. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results: The results were reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with associated 95% credible intervals (CrIs). For object control, aerobic intervention (SMD 6.90, 95% Crl 1.39 to 13.50); for locomotor, exergaming intervention (SMD 12.50, 95% Crl 0.28 to 24.50); and for gross motor, aerobic intervention (SMD 7.49, 95% Crl 0.11 to 15.70) were the most effective treatments. Conclusion: Children’s FMSs have been improved through different PA interventions. Among them, aerobic interventions seem to be the most effective intervention in enhancing object control skills and overall gross motor skills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Outcomes: Interventional and Observational Approaches)
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Other

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10 pages, 1007 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Physical Activity on Motor Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
by Carlos Eduardo Monteiro, Elirez Da Silva, Ravini Sodré, Frederico Costa, André Soares Trindade, Priscila Bunn, Gabriel Costa e Silva, Fabrízio Di Masi and Estélio Dantas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114081 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7349
Abstract
Objective: The present study was aimed at analyzing the effect of physical activity on motor coordination in children with ASD. Methods: On 28 June 2021, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, SCOPUS, [...] Read more.
Objective: The present study was aimed at analyzing the effect of physical activity on motor coordination in children with ASD. Methods: On 28 June 2021, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Science Direct. We analyzed the methodological quality and risk of bias using the Jadad scale and Cochrane tool, respectively. Motor coordination results were meta-analyzed using the RevMan program. Two independent researchers used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool to assess the level of evidence from the meta-analysis. Results: We found four studies in the listed databases and five randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis that included 109 children with ASD. Children with ASD who performed physical activity did not present significantly better motor coordination than control children (p = 0.12). Conclusions: Considering the clinical importance of physical activity for children with ASD, this systematic review with meta-analysis showed that physical activity had no statistically significant effects on coordination in individuals with ASD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health Outcomes: Interventional and Observational Approaches)
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