Engineering the Global Hydrogen Transition: Materials, Processes, Infrastructure, and Deployment

A special issue of Hydrogen (ISSN 2673-4141).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 5529

Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Computing, University of Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
Interests: hydrogen production technologies and emerging pathways; thermochemical, hybrid, and waste-derived hydrogen systems; hydrogen process engineering, modelling, and optimisation; hydrogen storage, transport, and infrastructure integration; carbon capture and hydrogen–CCUS coupled systems; energy systems integration and heat recovery in hydrogen processes; techno-economic and life cycle assessment of hydrogen technologies; scale-up, deployment, and infrastructure readiness of hydrogen systems
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Guest Editor
School of Engineering and Computing, University of Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
Interests: hydrogen-based low-carbon energy systems and infrastructure engineering; modelling and optimisation of hydrogen and net-zero process systems, including surrogate modelling and performance optimisat

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen is increasingly recognised as a critical enabler of global decarbonisation, with applications spanning energy storage, industrial feedstock, transport, and power generation. Yet the transition from laboratory demonstrations to large-scale, economically viable deployment remains incomplete. While technological innovation continues at a rapid pace, the gap between research advances and practical implementation reflects fundamental engineering challenges that extend across materials, processes, infrastructure, and systems integration.

This Special Issue addresses that persistent gap by adopting an integrated engineering perspective on the hydrogen transition. Rather than viewing hydrogen technologies in isolation, we recognise that successful deployment requires coherent advancement across the full value chain—from production and storage through transport, safety, utilisation, and end-of-life management. The Special Issue explicitly seeks contributions that identify and resolve the specific engineering barriers currently constraining hydrogen realisation.

We welcome original research and critical reviews across four interconnected domains: production pathways that integrate with renewable energy and carbon capture, including novel technologies with demonstrated pathways to commercial scale-up; storage and transport systems that address infrastructure readiness, safety engineering, and the retrofitting of existing energy networks; system-level analysis—modelling, optimisation, techno-economic and life cycle assessment—that connects technological advances to deployable solutions; and interdisciplinary studies that bridge materials innovation, process engineering, infrastructure design, and deployment practice.

We particularly value submissions that explicitly address the research-to-deployment transition: identifying specific bottlenecks, proposing engineering solutions grounded in real-world constraints, and demonstrating how laboratory findings translate into practical hydrogen system implementation. By integrating diverse perspectives on hydrogen engineering across the full value chain, this Special Issue contributes to advancing how hydrogen technologies can be developed, integrated, and deployed effectively to support net-zero transition objectives.

Dr. Hamid Reza Nasriani
Dr. Leila Khajenoori
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • hydrogen production technologies
  • hydrogen storage and transport
  • hydrogen infrastructure and safety
  • hydrogen process engineering
  • materials and processes for hydrogen systems
  • system integration and deployment of hydrogen technologies
  • hydrogen and carbon capture integration
  • techno-economic and life cycle assessment of hydrogen

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5115 KB  
Article
Long-Term Exposure in Liquid Hydrogen: Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Investigation of 304 Austenitic Steel After 30 Years of Service
by Camelia Schulz, Monzer Maarouf, Zahra Abbasi, Elvina Gaisina, Astrid Pundt and Klaus-Peter Weiss
Hydrogen 2026, 7(2), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7020069 - 14 May 2026
Viewed by 702
Abstract
Although austenitic steels have been implemented in direct liquid hydrogen (LH2) contact for decades, detailed microstructural and mechanical studies are still rare at a temperature of 20 K and inexistent for long-term exposure in LH2. Therefore, austenitic stainless-steel parts, [...] Read more.
Although austenitic steels have been implemented in direct liquid hydrogen (LH2) contact for decades, detailed microstructural and mechanical studies are still rare at a temperature of 20 K and inexistent for long-term exposure in LH2. Therefore, austenitic stainless-steel parts, which were in direct contact with LH2, from a container for LH2 transport from the company Linde GmbH that has been in service for over 30 years, was chosen as a material model system for this investigation. In the present work, the possible influence of cryogenic gaseous and liquid H2 (GH2 and LH2) on the micro- and macroscopic as well as mechanical properties of the container was investigated. Monitoring the properties after long-term GH2 and LH2-exposed material assesses the durability and the failure characteristics of these austenitic steels. A mean content of 2.5 ppm H was detected in the container walls after the long-term exposure. The microhardness of the long-term GH2 and LH2 are similar to an H2 non-exposed sample. Based on the SEM investigations, no microstructural change could be detected in the material after long-term H2 exposure and the residual tensile properties are still similar to those of ‘fresh’ non-exposed material. The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) occurred in the container material only after additional thermal H-charging, where the ductility reduced to about 50% at 200 K. Full article
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20 pages, 2591 KB  
Article
Seaports Readiness Framework for Hydrogen Export—A United Arab Emirates Case Study
by Amani Alremeithi, Ammar Alkhalidi and Mahmoud Fayyad
Hydrogen 2026, 7(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7020045 - 26 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Countries are increasingly adopting hydrogen, leading to growing interest in developing sustainable hydrogen supply chains. Ports, being essential nodes in supply chains, must be prepared to facilitate hydrogen exports. However, there is a shortage of thorough port readiness studies for hydrogen exports. Existing [...] Read more.
Countries are increasingly adopting hydrogen, leading to growing interest in developing sustainable hydrogen supply chains. Ports, being essential nodes in supply chains, must be prepared to facilitate hydrogen exports. However, there is a shortage of thorough port readiness studies for hydrogen exports. Existing research remains fragmented or confined to individual case studies, offering no transferable framework. This study fills this gap by creating a framework that covers four essential aspects of port readiness for exporting hydrogen: infrastructure, safety, legal, and management. The ports of the United Arab Emirates served as a case study, and the Delphi method was used to validate and contextualize the proposed framework. This study demonstrates the framework’s capacity to identify deficiencies in port readiness across multiple dimensions, helping stakeholders to plan and make decisions more easily. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 2484 KB  
Review
A Review on the Hydrogen-Based Molten Reduction of Iron Oxides
by Xuejun Zhou, Jianliang Zhang, Yaozu Wang, Ben Feng, Shaofeng Lu and Zhengjian Liu
Hydrogen 2026, 7(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7020060 - 2 May 2026
Viewed by 830
Abstract
In the context of global carbon neutrality goals, substituting hydrogen for carbon as a reductant represents a critical pathway for mitigating emissions in the iron and steel industry. Hydrogen-based molten reduction technology, characterized by its rapid reaction kinetics and high feedstock flexibility, has [...] Read more.
In the context of global carbon neutrality goals, substituting hydrogen for carbon as a reductant represents a critical pathway for mitigating emissions in the iron and steel industry. Hydrogen-based molten reduction technology, characterized by its rapid reaction kinetics and high feedstock flexibility, has emerged as a pivotal direction for the industry’s low-carbon transition. This article systematically reviews research progress on the hydrogen-based reduction of molten iron oxides. The thermodynamic behavior of molten systems is discussed, confirming the feasibility of reducing molten FeO with hydrogen at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, discrepancies and nonlinear characteristics within current mainstream thermodynamic databases regarding the high-temperature molten region are identified. Kinetic studies demonstrate that reduction rates in the molten state significantly exceed those in the solid state. The rate-limiting step is shown to vary with reaction conditions, primarily shifting between interfacial chemical reaction and liquid-phase mass transfer control. Additionally, the influence mechanisms of key parameters—including temperature, reaction time, gas flow rate, gas composition, and slag composition—on the reduction process are comprehensively reviewed. By synthesizing existing methodologies and theoretical advancements, this review aims to provide a theoretical reference for optimizing hydrogen-based molten reduction processes for iron oxides. Full article
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27 pages, 1568 KB  
Review
The Hydrogen Economy: Progress and Challenges to Future Growth
by Ifeanyi Oramulu and Vincent P. Paglioni
Hydrogen 2026, 7(2), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7020051 - 19 Apr 2026
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1160
Abstract
The rally to mitigate growing carbon emissions and climate change necessitates decarbonization strategies, with hydrogen emerging as a key candidate option across multiple sectors. This review examines the current state of the hydrogen economy, including production, implementation, and associated risks. Hydrogen’s versatility in [...] Read more.
The rally to mitigate growing carbon emissions and climate change necessitates decarbonization strategies, with hydrogen emerging as a key candidate option across multiple sectors. This review examines the current state of the hydrogen economy, including production, implementation, and associated risks. Hydrogen’s versatility in industry, transportation, and energy storage is highlighted, alongside the challenges of transitioning from fossil fuel-based production. It explores the current state of hydrogen technologies, differentiating between green, blue, and gray hydrogen production methods, and highlights advancements in production techniques like thermochemical water splitting. Key findings show that while green hydrogen offers the cleanest pathway, high production costs and infrastructure limitations remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. This study also addresses safety concerns and public perception, emphasizing the need for robust risk assessment methodologies and management approaches. Furthermore, this paper underscores the importance of technological innovations, such as high-temperature electrolysis and synergies with renewable energy sources, to enhance efficiency and sustainability. Policy recommendations include financial incentives, regulatory frameworks, and international cooperation to accelerate hydrogen adoption and balance its development with other low-carbon solutions. Full article
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