Current Advances in Inherited Retinal Disease

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2025 | Viewed by 405

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Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Interests: inherited retinal diseases; retinal artery occlusion; age-related macular degeneration; biosimilars; diabetic retinopathy; ocular drug delivery
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Dear Colleagues,

Inherited retinal disease (IRD) is a major cause of bilateral visual decline and blindness worldwide. To date, there is no definitive treatment option for this condition. Recently, there have been advances in the field of genetic diagnosis, and new treatment methods have been introduced, including gene therapy and genome editing. Since the approval of gene therapy for RPE65-related IRD, the future of IRD treatment appears bright, and more patients with IRD may be saved from blindness as more advanced technology is developed. To achieve better visual outcomes for IRD patients, a greater understanding of IRD, including genetics, mechanisms, clinical features, and preclinical and clinical trial results related to the conditions, is needed by physicians, researchers, and patients alike, as well as by pharmaceutical companies and governments.

For this Special Issue, we welcome reviews and original articles on the study of IRD. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the genetic and molecular mechanisms behind IRD, diagnosis, clinical features and imaging in IRD cases, epidemiology, ethnic variability, preclinical research, and clinical trials to develop new treatments. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Se Joon Woo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inherited retinal diseases
  • retinitis pigmentosa
  • macular dystrophy
  • cone dystrophy
  • genotype
  • gene therapy
  • clinical trial
  • imaging
  • genetic mechanism
  • genome editing
  • phenotype

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1784 KiB  
Article
Dark Rearing Does Not Alter Developmental Retinoschisis Cavity Formation in Rs1 Gene Knockout Rat Model of X-Linked Retinoschisis
by Zeljka Smit-McBride, In Hwan Cho, Ning Sun, Serafina Thomas and Paul A. Sieving
Genes 2025, 16(7), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16070815 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 231
Abstract
Background/Objective: The Rs1 exon-1-del rat (Rs1KO) XLRS model shows normal retinal development until postnatal day 12 (P12) when small cystic spaces start to form in the inner nuclear layer. These enlarge rapidly, peak at P15, and then collapse by P19. These events overlap [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: The Rs1 exon-1-del rat (Rs1KO) XLRS model shows normal retinal development until postnatal day 12 (P12) when small cystic spaces start to form in the inner nuclear layer. These enlarge rapidly, peak at P15, and then collapse by P19. These events overlap with eye opening at P12–P15. We investigated whether new light-driven retinal activity could contribute to the appearance and progression of schisis cavities in this rat model of XLRS disease. Methods: For dark rearing (D/D), mating pairs of Rs1KO strain were raised in total darkness in a special vivarium at UC Davis. When pups were born, they were maintained in total darkness, and eyes were collected at P12, P15, and P30 (n = 3/group) for each of the D/D and cyclic light-reared 12 h light–12 h dark (L/D) Rs1KO and wild-type (WT) littermates. Eyes were fixed, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned. Tissue morphology was examined by H&E and marker expression of retinoschisin1 (Rs1), rhodopsin (Rho), and postsynaptic protein 95 (Psd95) by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. H&E-stained images were analyzed with ImageJ version 1.54h to quantify cavity size using the “Analyze Particles” function. Results: Small intra-retinal schisis cavities begin to form by P12 in the inner retina of both D/D and L/D animals. Cavity formation was equivalent or more pronounced in D/D animals than in L/D animals. We compared Iba1 (activation marker of immune cells) distribution and found that by P12, when schisis appeared, Iba1+ cells had accumulated in regions of schisis. Iba1+ cells were more abundant in Rs1KO animals than WT animals and appeared slightly more prevalent in D/D- than L/D-reared Rs1KO animals. We compared photoreceptor development using Rho, Rs1, and Psd95 expression, and these were similar; however, the outer segments (OSs) of D/D animals with Rho labeling at P12 were longer than L/D animals. Conclusions: The results showed that cavities formed at the same time in D/D and L/D XLRS rat pups, indicating that the timing of schisis formation is not light stimulus-driven but rather appears to be a result of developmental events. Cavity size tended to be larger under dark-rearing conditions in D/D animals, which could be due to the decreased rate of phagocytosis by the RPE in the dark, allowing for continued growth of the OSs without the usual shedding of the distal tip, a key mechanism behind dark adaptation in the retina. These results highlight the complexity of XLRS pathology; however, we found no evidence that light-driven metabolic activity accounted for schisis cavity formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Inherited Retinal Disease)
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