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Future Internet
Special Issues
Advanced 5G and Beyond Networks
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Advanced 5G and Beyond Networks

A special issue of Future Internet (ISSN 1999-5903). This special issue belongs to the section "Internet of Things".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 7231

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mohammad Rajiullah

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
Interests: low-latency networking; web performance; mobile broadband (MBB) networks, including 5G and beyond (5GB); the Internet of Things (IoT)
Prof. Dr. Xun Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut Supérieur d’Électronique de Paris, LISIT-ECoS, 75020 Paris, France
Interests: cloud computing; parallel and distributed computing; computer networking; digital signal processing; information and communication technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hisham Kholidy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Networks and Computer Security, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, College of Engineering, Utica, NY 13502, USA
Interests: cybersecurity; cloud computing; applied artificial intelligence; advanced machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We warmly invite you to submit your research articles and surveys to this Special Issue of Future Internet (ISSN: 1999-5903), titled “Advanced 5G and beyond Networks”.

Advanced 5G and beyond networks (also referred to as “Beyond 5G” or B5G) represent the next phase of advancements beyond current 5G technologies, ushering in numerous enhancements and innovations as precursors to 6G. Key improvements include higher data rates aiming for terabits-per-second (Tbps) speeds and ultra-low latency potentially below 1 millisecond, supporting real-time applications. Advanced communication technologies, such as the utilization of terahertz (THz) frequencies, enhanced Massive MIMO with more antennas, and intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs), promise to significantly boost spectral efficiency and network capacity. AI and machine learning are set to play a pivotal role in network optimization, management, and automation, leading to self-organizing networks, while more advanced and flexible network slicing will provide tailored services for diverse applications. B5G is expected to expand use cases and applications, including high-fidelity holographic communication, extended reality (XR), encompassing virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, and smart cities with massive IoT deployments, enabling seamless connectivity and data exchange. Global and universal connectivity is projected to be enhanced with satellite integration for global coverage and improved interoperability between different network types. These advancements, among others, in B5G represent the ongoing evolution of wireless communication technologies, setting the stage for the development of 6G networks.

This Special Issue is dedicated to a diverse array of research topics related to B5G, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Evolution and enhancements of 5G networks.
  • Massive MIMO and beamforming techniques for B5G networks.
  • Emerging standards, architectures, and protocols for future-generation wireless systems.
  • Internet of things (IoT) and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in 5G and beyond.
  • Edge computing and fog computing for wireless infrastructures.
  • Spectrum management and dynamic spectrum access techniques.
  • Millimeter wave and terahertz communication technologies.
  • Integrated satellite–terrestrial networks.
  • Quantum communication for wireless networks.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in future wireless systems.
  • Ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) for mission-critical applications.
  • Energy-efficient and sustainable wireless communication solutions.
  • Security and privacy considerations in advanced wireless systems.
  • Network slicing and virtualization for flexible and scalable wireless infrastructures.

In this Special Issue, we welcome original research articles and reviews. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Mohammad Rajiullah
Prof. Dr. Xun Zhang
Dr. Hisham Kholidy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Future Internet is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 5G
  • 6G
  • massive MIMO
  • wireless systems
  • IoT
  • M2M
  • edge computing
  • fog computing
  • AI

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 1503 KiB  
Article
A Lightweight AI-Based Approach for Drone Jamming Detection
by Sergio Cibecchini, Francesco Chiti and Laura Pierucci
Future Internet 2025, 17(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17010014 - 3 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
The future integration of drones in 6G networks will significantly enhance their capabilities, enabling a wide range of new applications based on autonomous operation. However, drone networks are particularly vulnerable to jamming attacks, a type of availability attack that can disrupt network operation [...] Read more.
The future integration of drones in 6G networks will significantly enhance their capabilities, enabling a wide range of new applications based on autonomous operation. However, drone networks are particularly vulnerable to jamming attacks, a type of availability attack that can disrupt network operation and hinder drone functionality. In this paper, we propose a low complexity unsupervised machine learning approach for the detection of constant and periodic jamming attacks, using the Isolation Forest algorithm. We detail the tuning of the base model as well as the integration with a Majority Rule module which significantly reduced the number of false positives caused by environmental noise, achieving high accuracy and precision. Our approach outperforms the standard Isolation Forest model in the detection of both constant and periodic jamming attacks, while still correctly identifying nominal traffic. Finally, we discuss the potential integration of the proposed solution in 6G-enabled drone networks, as a lightweight edge-based solution for enhancing security against jamming attacks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced 5G and Beyond Networks)
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22 pages, 6101 KiB  
Article
Connection-Aware Digital Twin for Mobile Adhoc Networks in the 5G Era
by Manuel Jesús-Azabal, Zheng Zhang, Bingxia Gao, Jing Yang and Vasco N. G. J. Soares
Future Internet 2024, 16(11), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16110399 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1310
Abstract
5G Mobile Adhoc Networks (5G-MANETs) are a popular and agile solution for data transmission in local contexts while maintaining communication with remote entities via 5G. These characteristics have established 5G-MANETs as versatile communication infrastructures for deploying contextual applications, leveraging physical proximity while exploiting [...] Read more.
5G Mobile Adhoc Networks (5G-MANETs) are a popular and agile solution for data transmission in local contexts while maintaining communication with remote entities via 5G. These characteristics have established 5G-MANETs as versatile communication infrastructures for deploying contextual applications, leveraging physical proximity while exploiting the possibilities of the Internet. As a result, there is growing interest in exploring the potential of these networks and their performance in real-world scenarios. However, the management and monitoring of 5G-MANETs are challenging due to their inherent characteristics, such as highly variable topology, unstable connections, energy consumption of individual devices, message routing, and occasional inability to connect to 5G. Considering these challenges, the proposed work aims to address real-time monitoring of 5G-MANETs using a connection-aware Digital Twin (DT). The approach provides two main functions: offering a live virtual representation of the network, even in scenarios where multiple nodes lack 5G connectivity, and estimating the performance of the infrastructure, enabling the specification of customized conditions. To achieve this, a communication architecture is proposed, analyzing its components and defining the involved processes. The DT is implemented and evaluated in a laboratory setting, assessing its accuracy in representing the physical network under varying conditions of topology and Internet availability. The results show 100% accuracy for the DT in fully connected topologies, with ultra-low latency averaging under 80 ms, and suitable performance in partially connected contexts, with latency averages below 3000 ms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced 5G and Beyond Networks)
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25 pages, 3537 KiB  
Article
A Complete EDA and DL Pipeline for Softwarized 5G Network Intrusion Detection
by Abdallah Moubayed
Future Internet 2024, 16(9), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16090331 - 10 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1366
Abstract
The rise of 5G networks is driven by increasing deployments of IoT devices and expanding mobile and fixed broadband subscriptions. Concurrently, the deployment of 5G networks has led to a surge in network-related attacks, due to expanded attack surfaces. Machine learning (ML), particularly [...] Read more.
The rise of 5G networks is driven by increasing deployments of IoT devices and expanding mobile and fixed broadband subscriptions. Concurrently, the deployment of 5G networks has led to a surge in network-related attacks, due to expanded attack surfaces. Machine learning (ML), particularly deep learning (DL), has emerged as a promising tool for addressing these security challenges in 5G networks. To that end, this work proposed an exploratory data analysis (EDA) and DL-based framework designed for 5G network intrusion detection. The approach aimed to better understand dataset characteristics, implement a DL-based detection pipeline, and evaluate its performance against existing methodologies. Experimental results using the 5G-NIDD dataset showed that the proposed DL-based models had extremely high intrusion detection and attack identification capabilities (above 99.5% and outperforming other models from the literature), while having a reasonable prediction time. This highlights their effectiveness and efficiency for such tasks in softwarized 5G environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced 5G and Beyond Networks)
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Review

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20 pages, 1087 KiB  
Review
Enabling Tactile Internet via 6G: Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations
by Bharat S. Chaudhari
Future Internet 2025, 17(3), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17030122 - 11 Mar 2025
Viewed by 665
Abstract
With the emergence of artificial intelligence and advancements in network technologies, the imminent arrival of 6G is not very far away. The 6G technology will introduce unique and innovative applications of the Tactile Internet in the near future. This paper highlights the evolution [...] Read more.
With the emergence of artificial intelligence and advancements in network technologies, the imminent arrival of 6G is not very far away. The 6G technology will introduce unique and innovative applications of the Tactile Internet in the near future. This paper highlights the evolution towards the Tactile Internet enabled by 6G technology, along with the details of 6G capabilities. It emphasizes the stringent requirements for emerging Tactile Internet applications and the critical role of parameters, such as latency, reliability, data rate, and others. The study identifies the important characteristics of future Tactile Internet applications, interprets them into explicit requirements, and then discusses the associated design considerations. The study focuses on the role of application characteristics of various applications, like virtual reality/augmented reality, remote surgery, gaming, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, brain–machine interface, telepresence/holography, and requirements in the design of 6G and the Tactile Internet. Furthermore, we discuss the exclusive parameters and other requirements of Tactile Internet to realize real-time haptic interactions with the help of 6G and artificial intelligence. The study deliberates and examines the important performance parameters for the given applications. It also discusses various types of sensors that are required for Tactile Internet applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced 5G and Beyond Networks)
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44 pages, 2282 KiB  
Review
Sixth Generation Enabling Technologies and Machine Learning Intersection: A Performance Optimization Perspective
by Emmanuel Ekene Okere and Vipin Balyan
Future Internet 2025, 17(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17020050 - 21 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1319
Abstract
The fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication is in its finalization stage and has received favorable reception in many nations. However, research is now geared towards the anticipated sixth-generation (6G) wireless network. The new 6G promises even more severe performance criteria than the [...] Read more.
The fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication is in its finalization stage and has received favorable reception in many nations. However, research is now geared towards the anticipated sixth-generation (6G) wireless network. The new 6G promises even more severe performance criteria than the current 5G generation. New sophisticated technologies and paradigms are expected to be incorporated into the 6G network designs and procedures to meet the ever-dynamic user needs and standards. These 6G-enabling technologies include digital twin (DT), intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), visible light communication (VLC), quantum computing (QC), blockchain, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), among others. Optimal network performance requires that machine learning (ML) techniques be integrated over the 6G wireless network to provide solutions to highly complex networking problems, massive users, high overhead, and computational complexity. Consequently, we have provided a state-of-the-art overview of wireless network generations leading to the future 6G, and huge emphases have been laid on ML’s role in optimization applications for different enabling 6G technologies. Several key performance indicators for the different application scenarios have been highlighted. ML has proved to significantly improve the performance of the existing 6G-enabling technologies, and choosing the appropriate approach can ultimately yield optimal results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced 5G and Beyond Networks)
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