Forest Resilience to Extreme Climatic Events

A Special Issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907) belonging to the section "Forest Ecophysiology and Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2026) | Viewed by 1675

Editors


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Guest Editor
Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: dendroecology; wood isotopes; wood anatomy; forest dymanics; climate change
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climatic anomalies—including intense droughts, heatwaves, cold spells, and frosts—disrupt woody plant physiological processes and compromise stand-scale productivity. When these disturbances exceed critical intensity or frequency thresholds, they may catalyze forest die-off and growth decline and alter structure, composition, and successional patterns. Understanding tree species’ adaptive mechanisms to such stressors is essential in terms of developing robust predictive models and targeted conservation strategies, particularly for peripheral populations at biogeographic distribution limits, such as xeric rear-edge stands, where climate-driven disturbances are projected to intensify.

While research on tree stress responses has expanded significantly in recent years, key knowledge gaps persist. This Special Issue aims to address these gaps by exploring the following topics of interest: 

  • Advanced metrics to quantify post-disturbance recovery dynamics;
  • Abiotic and biotic drivers of individual tree stress tolerance;
  • Management interventions to enhance ecosystem resilience;
  • Species- and ecoregion-specific vulnerability under climatic extremes.

We welcome multidisciplinary contributions employing macro-scale approaches (e.g., satellite-based vegetation monitoring or tree-ring chronologies) to micro-scale techniques (e.g., cambial dynamics or photosynthetic performance assays). Controlled-environment studies (e.g., phytotron experiments or provenance trials) are equally encouraged. Studies quantifying ongoing decline and mortality processes associated with extreme climatic events are particularly valuable to contextualize the scale, recurrence, and ecological significance of these phenomena. 

Dr. Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
Dr. Jesús Julio Camarero
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • resistance
  • resilience
  • tree decline
  • tree growth
  • radial growth
  • forest dynamics
  • drought
  • heatwave
  • spring frost
  • late frost

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2597 KB  
Article
Multi-Organ Nutrient Imbalances Underpin Drought-Induced Dieback in Scots Pine
by Ester González de Andrés, Antonio Gazol, José Ignacio Querejeta and Jesús Julio Camarero
Forests 2026, 17(6), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17060657 - 28 May 2026
Viewed by 442
Abstract
The increasing frequency and intensity of hotter droughts are driving widespread forest dieback, yet the role of tree nutritional status in drought-induced growth dieback remains poorly understood. We investigated how nutrient composition across tissues (leaves, wood) relates to water use patterns and growth [...] Read more.
The increasing frequency and intensity of hotter droughts are driving widespread forest dieback, yet the role of tree nutritional status in drought-induced growth dieback remains poorly understood. We investigated how nutrient composition across tissues (leaves, wood) relates to water use patterns and growth resilience in rear-edge populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Northeastern Spain. Using a multi-proxy approach, we combined analyses of foliar and sapwood nutrient concentrations, stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O), and dendrochronological indicators across contrasting tree vigor classes. Defoliated trees exhibited pronounced shifts in elemental composition, including depletion of foliar K and increased concentrations of Ca, S, and Fe, alongside higher intrinsic water use efficiency and reduced growth resistance to drought. In contrast, the sapwood elemental composition was less responsive to defoliation but showed stronger associations with isotopic signals and drought resilience, suggesting its integrative role in tree functioning. Coordination of nutrient concentrations between tissues was limited, suggesting organ-specific regulation of nutrient allocation under drought stress. Our results reveal that nutrient imbalances are linked to water–carbon dynamics and drought responses and emphasize the importance of considering multi-organ nutrient dynamics to improve our understanding of long-term nutritional imbalances during drought-induced forest dieback. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Resilience to Extreme Climatic Events)
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Review

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38 pages, 2611 KB  
Review
Freezing Rain as a Forest Disturbance Agent: A Global Review of Impacts, Patterns, and Research Trends
by Lucian Dinca, Danut Chira and Gabriel Murariu
Forests 2026, 17(5), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17050550 - 30 Apr 2026
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 640
Abstract
Freezing rain is a high-impact winter weather phenomenon that acts as a major disturbance agent in forest ecosystems, causing canopy damage, stem breakage, tree mortality, and long-term changes in forest structure and functioning. Although ice storms have been studied for decades, research on [...] Read more.
Freezing rain is a high-impact winter weather phenomenon that acts as a major disturbance agent in forest ecosystems, causing canopy damage, stem breakage, tree mortality, and long-term changes in forest structure and functioning. Although ice storms have been studied for decades, research on freezing rain impacts on forests remains fragmented across multiple disciplines, and few studies have attempted an integrated synthesis that simultaneously combines climatological, ecological, and methodological perspectives. In this study, we present a systematic and integrative review of the scientific literature on freezing rain and forests, combining a large-scale bibliometric analysis with an in-depth qualitative synthesis. A total of 241 publications retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases were analyzed following PRISMA guidelines. The bibliometric assessment examined publication trends, geographic distribution, institutional contributions, research domains, and keyword networks. The qualitative review synthesized current knowledge on freezing rain climatology, forest damage mechanisms, species-specific vulnerability, major ice storm events, detection and modeling approaches, and ecological consequences. Results reveal a strong increase in scientific output over the last two decades, dominated by research from North America and northern Europe. Ice accretion intensity emerges as the primary driver of forest damage, while species traits, crown architecture, tree size, stand structure, topography, and exposure strongly modulate damage severity. Freezing rain affects a wide range of forest types worldwide and triggers both immediate structural damage and long-term ecological effects, including altered successional dynamics and reduced forest productivity. Recent methodological advances—including passive remote sensing (e.g., optical satellite data), active remote sensing (e.g., LiDAR), experimental ice storm simulations, reanalysis datasets, and machine learning approaches—have significantly improved detection, monitoring, and forecasting capabilities. Despite these advances, major research gaps remain, particularly regarding long-term ecosystem recovery, trait-based vulnerability, socio-economic impacts, and future freezing rain regimes under climate change. This review highlights freezing rain as an increasingly important but underappreciated forest disturbance and underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and adaptive management strategies in ice-prone regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Resilience to Extreme Climatic Events)
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