Climate and Land-Use Change Effects on the Biogeography of Woody Plant Species and Biodiversity Conservation

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Meteorology and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2025 | Viewed by 3784

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Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
Interests: biogeography; biodiversity; extinction risk; island biodiversity; island biogeography; conservation biogeography; conservation biology; conservation ecology; plant diversity; species distribution modelling; plant systematics; biodiversity and climate change
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant biodiversity, encompassing over 400,000 known taxa with approximately 2000 new species described annually, faces unprecedented challenges in the Anthropocene. This remarkable diversity, distributed heterogeneously across the globe, is experiencing accelerated decline due to human activities. Since the Industrial Revolution, biodiversity loss has been documented across all levels—taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional, and genetic—primarily due to habitat degradation and fragmentation. Contemporary pressures, including climate change, land use transformation, and elevated extinction rates, are reshaping ecosystem dynamics, promoting biotic homogenization, and disrupting established species interactions.

The Mediterranean region, recognized as the world's second largest biodiversity hotspot, stands at a critical juncture. This region harbors an exceptional concentration of vulnerable taxa and is projected to experience some of the most severe impacts of climate and land use change. Despite numerous conservation initiatives aimed at addressing the ongoing extinction crisis, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding which plant species are most threatened, their geographic distribution, and the underlying causes of their vulnerability.

This Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of plant diversity patterns and conservation challenges in the Mediterranean basin. We welcome contributions addressing various aspects, including but not limited to, the following:

  • Species distribution modeling under climate change scenarios;
  • Impact assessment of land use changes on plant communities;
  • Conservation genetics and population dynamics;
  • Ecosystem service evaluation of threatened plant species;
  • Novel conservation strategies and management approaches;
  • Historical biogeography and phylogenetic studies;
  • Ethnobotanical research on socio-economically important taxa;
  • Restoration ecology and habitat rehabilitation;
  • Policy implications for biodiversity conservation.

By bringing together cutting-edge research across various scales—from molecular to ecosystem levels—this Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and preserving Mediterranean plant diversity in an era of rapid environmental change.

Dr. Kostas Kougioumoutzis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • biodiversity patterns
  • conservation biology and prioritization
  • ecosystems services
  • ethnobotany
  • extinction risk
  • genetic, taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity
  • plant–pollinator networks
  • phylogeography
  • physiology
  • species distribution modelling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5801 KB  
Article
Effect of Temperature on Germination and Distribution of Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl. Under Climate Change Scenarios in Mexico
by Luis V. Pedrero-López, Salvador Sampayo-Maldonado, Mixtli Y. Nabor-Vazquez, María E. Sánchez-Coronado, Alma Orozco-Segovia, Patricia Dávila Aranda, Daniel Cabrera-Santos, Isela Rodríguez-Arévalo, Diana C. Acosta-Rojas and Cesar M. Flores-Ortíz
Forests 2025, 16(12), 1833; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16121833 - 8 Dec 2025
Viewed by 184
Abstract
Pinus ayacahuite is an important species for reforestation in Mexico, as it is a pioneer species in open areas. Its regeneration could be threatened by rising temperatures. The effect of a temperature gradient on germination was analyzed, and potential distribution projections of climate [...] Read more.
Pinus ayacahuite is an important species for reforestation in Mexico, as it is a pioneer species in open areas. Its regeneration could be threatened by rising temperatures. The effect of a temperature gradient on germination was analyzed, and potential distribution projections of climate change scenarios were modeled at various time scales. Seeds were collected in Huayacocotla, Veracruz; these were germinated under nine constant temperatures (5–45 °C). Germination parameters, cardinal temperatures, and thermal time were estimated using a Gaussian model. Germination occurred between 10 and 40 °C, with optimal, base, and ceiling temperatures of 27 °C, 10 °C, and 42 °C, respectively, and a thermal time (Tt50) of 118.5 °C d−1. Based on climate change projections (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5), NASA’s GISS-E2-1-G model predicts temperature increases from 1.1 to 2.3 °C by 2050 and from 1.7 to 3.6 °C by 2090, which would accelerate germination by 12.9–25 days. However, the species’ potential distribution is projected to decline by 15%–22%, primarily in southern states such as Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Puebla, although it could shift to new suitable areas in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León. These results suggest that while higher temperatures may favor earlier germination, water availability will remain the main limiting factor for successful establishment. Integrating physiological parameters into distribution models offers a stronger foundation for seed storage, conservation, and reforestation strategies in the face of changing climatic conditions. Full article
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21 pages, 3397 KB  
Article
Climate-Driven Habitat Shifts and Conservation Implications for the Submediterranean Oak Quercus pyrenaica Willd.
by Isabel Passos, Carlos Vila-Viçosa, João Gonçalves, Albano Figueiredo and Maria Margarida Ribeiro
Forests 2025, 16(8), 1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16081226 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 2904
Abstract
Climate change poses a major threat to forests, impacting the distribution and viability of key species. Quercus pyrenaica Willd., a marcescent oak endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) and southwestern France and a structural species in submediterranean forests, is particularly susceptible [...] Read more.
Climate change poses a major threat to forests, impacting the distribution and viability of key species. Quercus pyrenaica Willd., a marcescent oak endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) and southwestern France and a structural species in submediterranean forests, is particularly susceptible to shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns. Aiming to assess its potential loss of suitable area under future climate scenarios, we developed high-resolution spatial distribution models to project the future habitat suitability of Q. pyrenaica under two climate change scenarios (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) for the periods 2070 and 2100. Our model, which has an excellent predictive performance (AUC of 0.971 and a TSS of 0.834), indicates a predominantly northward shift in the potential distribution of the species, accompanied by substantial habitat loss in southern and lowland regions. Long-term potential suitable area may shrink to 42% of that currently available. This, combined with the limited natural dispersal capacity of the species, highlights the urgency of targeted management and conservation strategies. These results offer critical insights to inform conservation strategies and forest management under ongoing climate change. Full article
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