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Glass Fibers
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Glass Fibers

A special issue of Fibers (ISSN 2079-6439).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2016) | Viewed by 69696

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Edith Maeder

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
Interests: interfaces; surface energy, work of adhesion, adhesion strength; micromechanical tests; interphases; characterization of interphases using microthermal analysis; interphase characterization using scanning force microscopy; interphase characterization using single fiber cyclic load test; micro-macro relations in composites; continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics made from commingled yarns using different textile preforms, studies of structure-property relations, mechanical performance influenced by interphases; continuous surface modification during glass fiber spinning (sizing); reinforced thermoplastics by compounding, injection molding, long fiber reinforced thermoplastics; commingled yarns for continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics; interphase design in fiber reinforced concrete; improving the aging behavior and enhancing the durability by interface modification (nanostructured sizing, polymer coatings)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glass fibers are melt-spun silica-based inorganic materials, well known and comprehensively used for many years. Their main application is in glass fiber-reinforced composites, which account for more than 90% of all the fiber-reinforced composites currently produced.

The objective of this Special Issue is to focus on actual research topics related to glass fibers comprising multifunctional nanostructured surfaces, which can lead from insulating to electrically conductive fibers and their interphases in composites are capable to uptake mechanical, chemical, humid, and thermal in situ sensing and photocatalytic functions. Furthermore, the specific durability features of alkali-resistant glass fibers, acid-resistant special glass fibers, and basalt fibers are highlighted. An inline spinning and comingling of glass filaments and polymeric filaments leads to easy-to-process continuous glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites. Finally, significant attention will be paid to recycling and re-use of glass fibers separated from composites at end-of-life.

Prof. Dr. Edith Maeder
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fibers is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glass fibers
  • multifunctionality
  • nanostructured surface
  • composites
  • interphases
  • durability
  • basalt fibers
  • inline comingling
  • recycling

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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170 KiB  
Editorial
Glass Fibers: Quo Vadis?
by Edith Mäder
Fibers 2017, 5(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib5010010 - 24 Feb 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6569
Abstract
Since the early 1930s, the process of melting glass and subsequently forming fibers, in particular discontinuous fiber glass or continuous glass filaments, evolved into commercial-scale manufacturing.[...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glass Fibers)

Research

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6874 KiB  
Article
Commingled Yarn Spinning for Thermoplastic/Glass Fiber Composites
by Niclas Wiegand and Edith Mäder
Fibers 2017, 5(3), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib5030026 - 20 Jul 2017
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 17010
Abstract
Online commingled yarns were spun with three different polymeric matrices, namely polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and polylactic acid (PLA) and glass fibers. Tailored sizings were applied for the three matrices and the resulting mechanical performance of unidirectional composites was evaluated and compared. Significant [...] Read more.
Online commingled yarns were spun with three different polymeric matrices, namely polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and polylactic acid (PLA) and glass fibers. Tailored sizings were applied for the three matrices and the resulting mechanical performance of unidirectional composites was evaluated and compared. Significant improvements in the fiber/matrix bonding were achieved by employed sizing chemistry in order to achieve multifunctional interphases. The pure silane coupling agents provide the best performance for all matrices investigated. However, an additional film former has to be added in order to achieve fiber processing. Film formers compatible to the matrices investigated were adapted. The consolidation behavior during isothermal molding was investigated for polypropylene matrix. Different fiber volume contents could be realized and the resulting mechanical properties were tested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glass Fibers)
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9909 KiB  
Article
CVD-Grown CNTs on Basalt Fiber Surfaces for Multifunctional Composite Interphases
by Theresa Förster, Bin Hao, Edith Mäder, Frank Simon, Enrico Wölfel and Peng-Cheng Ma
Fibers 2016, 4(4), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib4040028 - 23 Nov 2016
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 9551
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used as a method for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on substrates, most commonly pre-treated by a metal-catalyst. In this work, the capability of basalt fiber surfaces was investigated in order to stimulate catalyst-free growth of carbon [...] Read more.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used as a method for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on substrates, most commonly pre-treated by a metal-catalyst. In this work, the capability of basalt fiber surfaces was investigated in order to stimulate catalyst-free growth of carbon nanotubes. We have carried out CVD experiments on unsized, sized, and NaOH-treated basalt fibers modified by growth temperature and a process gas mixture. Subsequently, we investigated the fiber surfaces by SEM, AFM, XPS and carried out single fiber tensile tests. Growth temperatures of 700 °C as well as 800 °C may induce CNT growth, but depending on the basalt fiber surface, the growth process was differently affected. The XPS results suggest surficial iron is not crucial for the CNT growth. We demonstrate that the formation of a corrosion shell is able to support CNT networks. However, our investigations do not expose distinctively the mechanisms by which unsized basalt fibers sometimes induce vertically aligned CNT carpets, isotropically arranged CNTs or no CNT growth. Considering data from the literature and our AFM results, it is assumed that the nano-roughness of surfaces could be a critical parameter for CNT growth. These findings will motivate the design of future experiments to discover the role of surface roughness as well as surface defects on the formation of hierarchical interphases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glass Fibers)
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2804 KiB  
Article
Influence of Hygrothermal Aging on Poisson’s Ratio of Thin Injection-Molded Short Glass Fiber-Reinforced PA6
by Thomas Illing, Heinrich Gotzig, Marcus Schoßig, Christian Bierögel and Wolfgang Grellmann
Fibers 2016, 4(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib4020017 - 17 May 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 10058
Abstract
The hygrothermal aging of short glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 materials (PA6 GF) represents a major problem, especially in thin-walled components, such as in the automotive sector. In this study, therefore, the thickness and the glass fiber content of PA6 GF materials were varied [...] Read more.
The hygrothermal aging of short glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 materials (PA6 GF) represents a major problem, especially in thin-walled components, such as in the automotive sector. In this study, therefore, the thickness and the glass fiber content of PA6 GF materials were varied and the materials were exposed to hygrothermal aging. The temperature and relative humidity were selected in the range from −40 °C up to 85 °C, and from 10% up to 85% relative humidity (RH). In the dry-as-molded state, the determined Poisson’s ratio of the PA6 GF materials was correlated with the fiber orientation based on computer tomography (MicroCT) data and shows a linear dependence with respect to the fiber orientation along and transverse to the flow direction of the injection molding process. With hygrothermal aging, the value of Poisson’s ratio increases in the flow direction in the same way as it decreases perpendicular to the flow direction due to water absorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glass Fibers)
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689 KiB  
Article
The Durability and Performance of Short Fibers for a Newly Developed Alkali-Activated Binder
by Henrik Funke, Sandra Gelbrich and Lothar Kroll
Fibers 2016, 4(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib4010011 - 15 Mar 2016
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7943
Abstract
This study reports the development of a fiber-reinforced alkali-activated binder (FRAAB) with an emphasis on the performance and the durability of the fibers in the alkaline alkali-activated binder (AAB)-matrix. For the development of the matrix, the reactive components granulated slag and coal fly [...] Read more.
This study reports the development of a fiber-reinforced alkali-activated binder (FRAAB) with an emphasis on the performance and the durability of the fibers in the alkaline alkali-activated binder (AAB)-matrix. For the development of the matrix, the reactive components granulated slag and coal fly ash were used, which were alkali-activated with a mixture of sodium hydroxide (2–10 mol/L) and an aqueous sodium silicate solution (SiO2/Na2O molar ratio: 2.1) at ambient temperature. For the reinforcement of the matrix integral fibers of alkali-resistant glass (AR-glass), E-glass, basalt, and carbon with a fiber volume content of 0.5% were used. By the integration of these short fibers, the three-point bending tensile strength of the AAB increased strikingly from 4.6 MPa (no fibers) up to 5.7 MPa (carbon) after one day. As a result of the investigations of the alkali resistance, the AR-glass and the carbon fibers showed the highest durability of all fibers in the FRAAB-matrix. In contrast to that, the weight loss of E-glass and basalt fibers was significant under the alkaline condition. According to these results, only the AR-glass and the carbon fibers reveal sufficient durability in the alkaline AAB-matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glass Fibers)
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Review

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412 KiB  
Review
Glass Fibre Strength—A Review with Relation to Composite Recycling
by James Thomason, Peter Jenkins and Liu Yang
Fibers 2016, 4(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib4020018 - 26 May 2016
Cited by 86 | Viewed by 17376
Abstract
The recovery and reuse of glass fibres from manufacturing waste and end-of-life composites in an environmentally-friendly, cost-effective manner is one of the most important challenges facing the thermosetting polymer composites industry. A number of processes for recycling fibres from such materials are available [...] Read more.
The recovery and reuse of glass fibres from manufacturing waste and end-of-life composites in an environmentally-friendly, cost-effective manner is one of the most important challenges facing the thermosetting polymer composites industry. A number of processes for recycling fibres from such materials are available or under development. However, nearly all options deliver recycled glass fibres that are not cost-performance competitive due to the huge drop in strength of recycled glass fibre compared to its original state. A breakthrough in the regeneration of recycled glass fibre performance has the potential to totally transform the economics of recycling such composites. This paper reviews the available knowledge of the thermally-induced strength loss in glass fibres, discusses some of the phenomena that are potentially related and presents the status of research into processes to regenerate the strength and value of such weak recycled glass fibres. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glass Fibers)
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