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Fibers
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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials
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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials

A special issue of Fibers (ISSN 2079-6439).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (8 April 2021) | Viewed by 27024

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ioannis Kartsonakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: nanotechnologies; corrosion science; electrochemistry; polymer science; chemistry; coatings; sol–gel method; carbon fibers/nanotubes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A nanomaterial is defined a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles in an unbound state, as an aggregate, or as an agglomerate where for 50 % or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1–100 nm. In specific cases and where warranted by concerns for the environment, health, safety, or competitiveness the number size distribution threshold of 50% may be replaced by a threshold between 1% and 50 %. Nanomaterials make it possible to introduce innovative functions in products and technologies. Therefore, manufactured nanomaterials are regarded as key components of innovations in various fields with high potential impact such as energy generation and storage, electronics, photonics, diagnostics, integrated sensors, semiconductors, foods, textiles, structural materials, sunscreens, cosmetics, and coatings or drug delivery systems, medical imaging equipment. Widespread use of nanomaterials raises concerns about their safety for humans and the environment, possibly limiting the impact of the nanotechnology-based innovation. The development of safe nanomaterials has to result in a safe as well as functional material or product. Its safe use and disposal at the end of its life cycle must be taken into account too. Responsibility for the safe handling of synthetic nanomaterials therefore rests with the manufacturer and importer.This Special Issue aims to attract all researchers working in this research field and will collect new findings and recent advances on the development, synthesis, structure–activity relationships, and future applications of nanomaterials. Research manuscripts, as well as a limited number of review manuscripts, are encouraged in following areas:

  • New processing methods;
  • Common nano-enabled construction materials (coatings, glass, concrete, steel, insulation);
  • Nanotechnology, environmental social and health implications;
  • Polymeric nanomaterials;
  • Ceramic nanomaterials;
  • Structure-properties relationship;
  • Lightweight nanostructures;
  • Durability and ageing, long term performance assessment;
  • Life cycle analysis/ assessment of nanomaterials in the construction sector;
  • Risk management of nanomaterials;
  • Applications;
  • Recycling.

Dr. Ioannis Kartsonakis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fibers is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nanostructured powders
  • Nanocomposites
  • Solid nanofoam
  • Nanoporous material
  • Fluid nanodispersion
  • Nanoform
  • Particle
  • Agreegate
  • Agglomerate.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 167 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on “Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials”
by Ioannis A. Kartsonakis
Fibers 2022, 10(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10010009 - 15 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
Nanomaterial is defined a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state, as an aggregate, or as an agglomerate, and where, for 50% or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in [...] Read more.
Nanomaterial is defined a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound state, as an aggregate, or as an agglomerate, and where, for 50% or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1–100 nm [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials)

Research

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12 pages, 3663 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2@CNTs Microparticles: Evaluation of Microwave-Induced Heat Production
by Panagiotis Kainourgios, Ioannis A. Kartsonakis and Costas A. Charitidis
Fibers 2021, 9(12), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib9120081 - 3 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3002
Abstract
This study was focused on the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on iron chloride-functionalized silica microspheres. In addition, the microwave absorption potential and the subsequent heat production of the resulting structures were monitored by means of infrared thermometry and compared with pristine [...] Read more.
This study was focused on the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on iron chloride-functionalized silica microspheres. In addition, the microwave absorption potential and the subsequent heat production of the resulting structures were monitored by means of infrared thermometry and compared with pristine commercially available MWCNTs. The functionalized silica microparticle substrates produced MWCNTs without any amorphous carbon but with increased structural defects, whereas their heat production performance as microwave absorbents was comparable to that of the pristine MWCNTs. Two-minute microwave irradiation of the SiO2@CNTs structures resulted in an increase in the material’s temperature from ambient temperature up to 173 °C. This research puts forward a new idea of charge modulation of MWCNTs and sheds light on an investigation for the development of bifunctional materials with improved properties with respect to efficient microwave absorbance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials)
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11 pages, 2833 KiB  
Article
Low-Cost Electrodeposition of Size-Tunable Single-Crystal ZnO Nanorods
by Elias Sakellis, Antonis Markopoulos, Christos Tzouvelekis, Manolis Chatzigeorgiou, Anastasios Travlos and Nikos Boukos
Fibers 2021, 9(6), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib9060038 - 7 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3257
Abstract
In this paper we report a low cost, simple, electrochemical method for large-area growth of single crystal ZnO nanorods. The method utilizes a metallic zinc foil as the source of the necessary zinc ions for ZnO growth on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass [...] Read more.
In this paper we report a low cost, simple, electrochemical method for large-area growth of single crystal ZnO nanorods. The method utilizes a metallic zinc foil as the source of the necessary zinc ions for ZnO growth on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass slides. The method is thoroughly discussed and investigated varying all the parameters involved. The resulting ZnO nanorods are highly oriented along c-axis and densely packed, while their length and diameter can be tuned by varying the growth parameters. Two different types of seed layers on the ITO glass slides are tested. A seed layer made by spin coating of ZnO nanoparticles results in a twofold increase of the ZnO nanorod surface density as compared with a ZnO thin film seed layer by physical vapor deposition. Additionally, the effect of oxygen supply during electrodeposition was investigated as a crucial regulatory parameter not only for the geometrical and topological characteristics of the ZnO nano-arrays but for their physical properties as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials)
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13 pages, 3312 KiB  
Article
New Textile for Personal Protective Equipment—Plasma Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticles Nylon Fabric
by Cláudia M. Botelho, Margarida M. Fernandes, Jefferson M. Souza, Nicolina Dias, Ana M. Sousa, José A. Teixeira, Raul Fangueiro and Andrea Zille
Fibers 2021, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib9010003 - 6 Jan 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6035
Abstract
Fabric structures are prone to contamination with microorganisms, as their morphology and ability to retain moisture creates a proper environment for their growth. In this work, a novel, easily processed and cheap coating for a nylon fabric with antimicrobial characteristics was developed. After [...] Read more.
Fabric structures are prone to contamination with microorganisms, as their morphology and ability to retain moisture creates a proper environment for their growth. In this work, a novel, easily processed and cheap coating for a nylon fabric with antimicrobial characteristics was developed. After plasma treatment, made to render the fabric surface more reactive sites, the fabric was impregnated with chitosan and silver nanoparticles by simply dipping it into a mixture of different concentrations of both components. Silver nanoparticles were previously synthesized using the Lee–Meisel method, and their successful obtention was proven by UV–Vis, showing the presence of the surface plasmon resonance band at 410 nm. Nanoparticles with 25 nm average diameter observed by STEM were stable, mainly in the presence of chitosan, which acted as a surfactant for silver nanoparticles, avoiding their aggregation. The impregnated fabric possessed bactericidal activity higher for Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus than for Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria for all combinations. The percentage of live S. aureus and P. aeruginosa CFU was reduced to less than 20% and 60%, respectively, when exposed to each of the coating combinations. The effect was more pronounced when both chitosan and silver were present in the coating, suggesting an effective synergy between these components. After a washing process, the antimicrobial effect was highly reduced, suggesting that the coating is unstable after washing, being almost completely removed from the fabric. Nevertheless, the new-coated fabric can be successfully used in single-use face masks. To our knowledge, the coating of nylon fabrics intended for face-mask material with both agents has never been reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials)
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13 pages, 2971 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of a Core-Shell Copolymer with Different Glass Transition Temperatures
by Panagiotis Goulis, Ioannis A. Kartsonakis and Costas A. Charitidis
Fibers 2020, 8(11), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8110071 - 23 Nov 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4413
Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesize an organic core-shell co-polymer with a different glass transition temperature (Tg) between the core and the shell that can be used for several applications such as the selective debonding of coatings or [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to synthesize an organic core-shell co-polymer with a different glass transition temperature (Tg) between the core and the shell that can be used for several applications such as the selective debonding of coatings or the release of encapsulated materials. The co-polymer was synthesized using free radical polymerization and was characterized with respect to its morphology, composition and thermal behavior. The obtained results confirmed the successful synthesis of the co-polymer copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)@poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), PMMA@P(MAA-co-EGDMA), which can be used along with water-based solvents. Furthermore, the Tg of the polymer’s core PMMA was 104 °C, while the Tg of the shell P(MAA-co-EGDMA) was 228 °C, making it appropriate for a wide variety of applications. It is worth mentioning that by following this specific experimental procedure, methacrylic acid was copolymerized in water, as the shell of the copolymer, without forming a gel-like structure (hydrogel), as happens when a monomer is polymerized in aqueous media, such as in the case of super-absorbent polymers. Moreover, the addition and subsequent polymerization of the monomer methyl methacrylate (MAA) into the mixture of the already polymerized PMMA resulted in a material that was uniform in size, without any agglomerations or sediments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials)
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Review

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32 pages, 11398 KiB  
Review
Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Aligned Electrospun Fibers
by Blesson Isaac, Robert M. Taylor and Kenneth Reifsnider
Fibers 2021, 9(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib9010004 - 6 Jan 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 7081
Abstract
This review paper examines the current state-of-the-art in fabrication of aligned fibers via electrospinning techniques and the effects of these techniques on the mechanical and dielectric properties of electrospun fibers. Molecular orientation, system configuration to align fibers, and post-drawing treatment, like hot/cold drawing [...] Read more.
This review paper examines the current state-of-the-art in fabrication of aligned fibers via electrospinning techniques and the effects of these techniques on the mechanical and dielectric properties of electrospun fibers. Molecular orientation, system configuration to align fibers, and post-drawing treatment, like hot/cold drawing process, contribute to better specific strength and specific stiffness properties of nanofibers. The authors suggest that these improved, aligned nanofibers, when applied in composites, have better mechanical and dielectric properties for many structural and multifunctional applications, including advanced aerospace applications and energy storage devices. For these applications, most fiber alignment electrospinning research has focused on either mechanical property improvement or dielectric property improvement alone, but not both simultaneously. Relative to many other nanofiber formation techniques, the electrospinning technique exhibits superior nanofiber formation when considering cost and manufacturing complexity for many situations. Even though the dielectric property of pure nanofiber mat may not be of general interest, the analysis of the combined effect of mechanical and dielectric properties is relevant to the present analysis of improved and aligned nanofibers. A plethora of nanofibers, in particular, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun nanofibers, are discussed for their mechanical and dielectric properties. In addition, other types of electrospun nanofibers are explored for their mechanical and dielectric properties. An exploratory study by the author demonstrates the relationship between mechanical and dielectric properties for specimens obtained from a rotating mandrel horizontal setup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials)
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