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Fermentation
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The Role of Microbial Fermentation in Sewage Sludge Treatment
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The Role of Microbial Fermentation in Sewage Sludge Treatment

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Fermentation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 9006

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Guangyin Zhen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Interests: wastewater treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wastewater treatment facilities in China must produce a significant amount of sewage sludge due to the country's rapid urbanization and the rise in urban wastewater. This sludge contains potential resources including organic materials, nutrients, metals, and bioenergy that can be recovered. A variety of technologies are available for the resource utilization of sludge, and anaerobic treatment technologies are the main methods for pollutant decomposition and energy recovery in sewage sludge disposal. For the directional regulation of the sludge microbial community and effective enhancement of sludge treatment performance, an in-depth understanding of the population structure and functional genes of microorganisms in anaerobic digestion is crucial. Meanwhile, the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology has provided a powerful means to analyze the composition and dynamics of sludge microbial communities, identify functional microbial bacteria and functional genes, and study the interactions between microorganisms. However, based on the synergistic effect of functional microorganisms, many studies of other emerging sludge biotreatment technologies, such as bioelectrochemical regulation, have also shown great promise for simultaneous waste biorefining, chemical synthesis, and clean electrofuel generation. In addition, the mining of functional microbial properties in sludge treatment systems can also lead to the discovery of novel microorganisms with the function of degrading toxic and hazardous substances, thus facilitating the application of microbial remediation technologies.

This Special Issue will focus on innovative research communications dedicated to the role of microbial fermentation in helping sewage sludge treatments deliver their full potential as biorefineries and actors in the bioeconomy. Contributions are welcomed on both the micro-scale (investigations into the microbial communities and their biochemical, metabolic, and genomic characteristics) and the macro-scale (technology development, optimization, integration, and environmental, economic, and technological assessment).

Prof. Dr. Guangyin Zhen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sewage sludge
  • anaerobic digestion
  • high-throughput sequencing technology
  • bioelectrochemical regulation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3585 KiB  
Article
Biodesulfurization of Consortia Immobilized on Oil Palm Frond Biochar in Biotrickling Filters under Anoxic Conditions
by Pajongsuk Sutarut, Benjamas Cheirsilp and Piyarat Boonsawang
Fermentation 2023, 9(7), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070664 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1273
Abstract
Biodesulfurization using biotrickling filters (BTFs) under anoxic conditions is a cost-effective method for biogas clean-up. To improve the performance of BTFs, the microbial consortia from the anaerobic pond of a swine farm (SW), the denitrification pond of a tuna factory (DN), and the [...] Read more.
Biodesulfurization using biotrickling filters (BTFs) under anoxic conditions is a cost-effective method for biogas clean-up. To improve the performance of BTFs, the microbial consortia from the anaerobic pond of a swine farm (SW), the denitrification pond of a tuna factory (DN), and the UASB of the concentrated latex industry (LW) were immobilized on BTFs. In this study, the efficiency of BTFs immobilized with the microbial consortia for the reduction of H2S gas combined with the reduction of nitrate contained in wastewater was investigated. The results showed that H2S was completely removed at the inlet H2S concentration of 207.8–1476 ppmv with wastewater circulation under anoxic conditions. However, only the DN-BTF achieved H2S removal of 95.2% at an inlet concentration of 2500 ppmv. An increase in the N/S ratio (0.356–2.07 mol/mol) improved the H2S removal of the SW-BTF, LW-BTF, and DN-BTF but not the BTF-C. Moreover, the DN-BTF had the highest nitrate removal rate (71.1%) with an N/S ratio of 2.07 mol/mol. When oxygen was supplied in wastewater at DO = 3.60 ± 0.41 mg/L, sulfate was generated at a higher rate, but nitrite production was lower than at DO~0. After microbial community analysis, Proteobacteria were the main phyla involved in the biodesulfurization process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Microbial Fermentation in Sewage Sludge Treatment)
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12 pages, 2460 KiB  
Article
Straw Biochar-Facilitated Methanogenesis from Acetic Acid and Ethanol: Correlation with Electron Exchange Capacity
by Yannan Ruan, Yuze Jiang, Moting Li, Suyun Xu, Jining Zhang, Xuefeng Zhu and Hongbo Liu
Fermentation 2023, 9(7), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070584 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1645
Abstract
Straw biochar prepared by three methods (i.e., pyrochar, HNO3-modified pyrochar, and hydrochar) was added to the anaerobic digestion system with acetic acid and ethanol as substrates to explore the effects of biochar on methane production, substrate degradation, and microbial community structure. [...] Read more.
Straw biochar prepared by three methods (i.e., pyrochar, HNO3-modified pyrochar, and hydrochar) was added to the anaerobic digestion system with acetic acid and ethanol as substrates to explore the effects of biochar on methane production, substrate degradation, and microbial community structure. The biogas yields of the biochar-supplemented groups all increased, and the maximum methane yield was found in the hydrochar group, which was 45.4% higher than the control. In the ethanol-fed reactor, the maximum partial pressure of hydrogen in the headspace of the hydrochar reactor was reduced from 3.5% (blank reactor) to 1.9%. Overall, methane production is directly proportional to the electron exchange capacity (EEC) value of biochar. Furthermore, the bio-aging process increased the EEC of each kind of biochar to 5.5–8.1%, which was favorable for the sustainable promotion of methanogenesis. The increased methane yield from the bio-aged biochar could either be attributable to the changes in surface oxygen-containing functional groups or the selectively enriched microbial community on the biochar, such as Geobacter, which could participate in direct interspecies electron transfer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Microbial Fermentation in Sewage Sludge Treatment)
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15 pages, 3459 KiB  
Article
Hydrolase Production via Food Waste Fermentation and Its Application to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge
by Xuedong Zhang, Ganghui Wang, Jian Dong, Min Chen, Yanhua He, He Liu, Yajie Li and Hongbo Liu
Fermentation 2023, 9(6), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060526 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2118
Abstract
In the present study, a novel strategy for the effective production of hydrolase via fermentation of food waste was developed to improve methane production from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). Via the pre-fermentation of food waste, hydrolase could be efficiently enriched [...] Read more.
In the present study, a novel strategy for the effective production of hydrolase via fermentation of food waste was developed to improve methane production from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). Via the pre-fermentation of food waste, hydrolase could be efficiently enriched and then directly used to enhance sludge hydrolysis with no need for extraction and purification of the enzymes. The results of this study indicate that the activities of the predominant hydrolase, mainly including protease and amylase enriched in the pre-fermented food waste, could reach 4861.10 U/g and 3909.14 mg/(mL·min), respectively. The elevated activities of hydrolases evidently enhanced sludge hydrolysis by more than 50% with the addition of 15 g fermented food waste per 200 g sludge. The released organic matter presented much better biodegradability, of which the BOD5/COD (B/C) increased from 0.33 of the raw WAS to 0.41 of the pretreated sludge. Moreover, methane production from sludge digestion was substantially improved and increased from 2140 mL to 7187 mL by adding 30 g fermented food waste into 200 g sludge, about 24.3% of which was contributed by the addition of the enriched hydrolase. The preliminary economic assessments of this present study indicate the net profit of sludge digestion of 7.99 USD/m3 sludge is likely to be harvested via applying this strategy. Furthermore, the results in this present study provide another innovative route to further optimize the conventional co-digestion process of WAS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Microbial Fermentation in Sewage Sludge Treatment)
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Review

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20 pages, 1893 KiB  
Review
A Review on Start-Up Phase Optimization of Kitchen Waste Anaerobic Digestion
by Yi-Juan Yan, Xiang Li, Chen-Shun Lu, Takuro Kobayashi, Guang-Yin Zhen and Yong Hu
Fermentation 2023, 9(7), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070603 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3104
Abstract
Kitchen waste has been confirmed as an appropriate substrate for anaerobic digestion, although means of alleviating the difficulties and time-consuming nature of the start-up phase need to be further explored. Based on the mechanism of anaerobic digestion, we discuss the factors influencing the [...] Read more.
Kitchen waste has been confirmed as an appropriate substrate for anaerobic digestion, although means of alleviating the difficulties and time-consuming nature of the start-up phase need to be further explored. Based on the mechanism of anaerobic digestion, we discuss the factors influencing the anaerobic start-up phase of kitchen waste. By controlling the temperature, pH, organic loading rate, inoculation ratio and other parameters, the high activity of methane-producing archaea and other bacteria can be intensified, thereby increasing the biogas yield. Furthermore, we introduce the methods of substrate pretreatment, operating condition optimization and conductive material addition. Finally, we put forward future perspectives and research gaps related to accelerating the start-up phase of anaerobic bioreactors utilized for kitchen waste biodegradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Microbial Fermentation in Sewage Sludge Treatment)
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