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Electric Vehicles and Photovoltaic Energy Integration in Distribution Network

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F2: Distributed Energy System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2026 | Viewed by 1265

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: renewable energy sources; energy efficiency; photovoltaics; electrical power engineering; power generation; energy conversion; distributed generation; electric vehicles; distribution network
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Energy Policy, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: smart grids; renewable integration; demand response optimization; electricity markets modelling; policy design

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: electricity market; power system analysis; power system optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Innovation and Development, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: smart grids; RES integration; operation of power systems; energy markets; storage technologies; energy efficiency

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global transition toward a sustainable, low-carbon energy system is accelerating the integration of renewable energy sources and electrified transportation. Among these, photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric vehicles (EVs) represent two of the most dynamic technologies shaping the modern power landscape. Their increasing deployment in low-voltage distribution networks offers enormous potential for decarbonization and energy efficiency—but also presents new operational, technical, and regulatory challenges.

This Special Issue aims to gather cutting-edge research and innovative technological solutions that enable the synergistic integration of electric vehicles and photovoltaic systems within distribution networks, with an emphasis on flexibility, stability, and optimal utilization of renewable generation.

The intermittent nature of solar energy and the stochastic behavior of EV charging introduce significant complexity in voltage regulation, congestion management, and network stability. The coordination of battery energy storage systems (BESS), vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies, and advanced control strategies is crucial to mitigating these challenges and increasing the PV hosting capacity of low-voltage networks without requiring costly grid reinforcements.

Key topics include methods for coordinated operation of distributed energy resources, optimization of active and reactive power flows, and smart charging algorithms that exploit EV flexibility to support grid reliability. Contributions addressing forecasting techniques, optimization algorithms, power electronics control, and data-driven energy management are highly encouraged.

Recent research has demonstrated that integrating BESS and EVs as flexible resources can enhance the operational flexibility and resilience of the grid. Experimental and simulation-based studies reveal that properly coordinated battery systems can mitigate voltage deviations, reduce network losses, and maximize local PV utilization. Likewise, EVs operating in V2G or vehicle-to-home (V2H) modes can provide ancillary services, peak-shaving, and fast-frequency support. The interaction between these technologies is becoming central to the design of active distribution networks and prosumer-oriented energy systems.

This Special Issue welcomes studies on the following:

  • Modeling and optimization of PV-EV integration in distribution networks;
  • Hosting capacity assessment and enhancement techniques;
  • Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), and smart charging strategies;
  • Energy storage system coordination and control;
  • Power quality and stability in converter-dominated grids;
  • Advanced forecasting and real-time management tools;
  • Experimental validation and laboratory testbeds for integrated PV-EV systems;
  • Policy, economic, and regulatory frameworks for renewable-based mobility.

By bringing together theoretical advances, simulation results, and experimental insights, this Special Issue seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress and future trends in the field. It encourages multidisciplinary contributions linking power systems, control engineering, information technology, and energy policy to create resilient and intelligent electric grids.

Ultimately, the objective is to support the development of sustainable, flexible, and intelligent distribution networks capable of accommodating high shares of photovoltaic generation and electrified mobility—key enablers of the European Green Deal and global net-zero energy transition.

Prof. Dr. Danijel Topić
Dr. Tomi Medved
Prof. Dr. Goran Knežević
Dr. Edin Lakić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electric vehicles
  • photovoltaic systems
  • distribution networks
  • vehicle-to-grid
  • battery energy storage systems
  • renewable energy integration

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

37 pages, 18536 KB  
Article
Optimization of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Prosumers and Energy Communities Under Capacity-Based Tariffs
by Tomislav Markotić, Matej Žnidarec, Damir Šljivac, Edin Lakić and Danijel Topić
Energies 2026, 19(8), 1831; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081831 - 8 Apr 2026
Viewed by 518
Abstract
The transition toward capacity-based network tariffs shifts the primary role of battery energy storage systems (BESS) from traditional energy arbitrage to active peak shaving. This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model for the co-optimization of both BESS size and operation [...] Read more.
The transition toward capacity-based network tariffs shifts the primary role of battery energy storage systems (BESS) from traditional energy arbitrage to active peak shaving. This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model for the co-optimization of both BESS size and operation scheduling for multiple prosumers operating individually and within an energy community (EC). Battery aging is accounted for in the optimization model through the state of health (SOH). The framework is evaluated by a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of BESS integration under Slovenia’s multi-block tariff structure. The results demonstrate that while individual distributed BESS integration is highly profitable, centralized EC BESS financially underperforms. Because centralized BESS cannot directly reduce individual contracted power limits, its profitability relies on energy arbitrage, making the initial investment and double grid fees the primary barriers. Conversely, integrating distributed storage with peer-to-peer (P2P) trading minimizes the required BESS capacity while maintaining profitability. The evaluation also reveals that ECs do not automatically act as socio-economic equalizers, indicated by a stable Gini coefficient. However, a break-even analysis reveals the necessary reduction in capital costs to overcome these hurdles, confirming the strong future viability of centralized EC BESS. Full article
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11 pages, 620 KB  
Article
Harmonic Emission Variability in Identical PV Inverters Installed in Different Solar Farms
by Alejandro Carretero-Hernández, José Alfonso Calero-Sevillano, Estefanía Artigao and Sergio Martín-Martínez
Energies 2026, 19(7), 1807; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19071807 - 7 Apr 2026
Viewed by 357
Abstract
The increasing integration of photovoltaic (PV) power plants into electrical grids has raised concerns regarding the harmonic emissions caused by power electronic devices. Understanding the impact of large-scale PV plants on power systems is essential for ensuring grid stability and power quality. This [...] Read more.
The increasing integration of photovoltaic (PV) power plants into electrical grids has raised concerns regarding the harmonic emissions caused by power electronic devices. Understanding the impact of large-scale PV plants on power systems is essential for ensuring grid stability and power quality. This study analyses and compares the current harmonic emissions of two inverters with identical topologies, installed in two different PV plants: a 35 MW plant in Spain and a 12 MW plant in Greece. The results reveal significant differences in the harmonic emission spectra between the two inverters, highlighting the influence of external conditions on the harmonic behaviour of PV inverters. These findings underscore the necessity of considering site-specific factors when assessing the harmonic impact of large-scale PV installations. Full article
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